CRISPR/Cas system research has advanced significantly in biological sciences.There are still many challenges to effective delivery before efficient gene editing may be achieved

2021

Preprint

Despite the fact that inherited ichthyoses with simultaneous fungal infections have been documented for more than 50 years, the connection between the two remains unknown. Because ichthyosis makes it harder to identify a concurrent fungal infection, it's important to pay close attention to prevent missing or delaying a diagnosis. The underlying ichthyosis makes treating fungal infections more difficult, and severe and recurrent infections need further attention. Those with severe ichthyoses may benefit from gene therapy in order to avoid fungal infection. More clinical and laboratory research is needed, however, to fully comprehend the mechanisms of action and provide a foundation of knowledge from which innovative therapy alternatives might be created.

Section: Fungal Infection and Kid Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Gene therapy may benefit inherited ichthyoses with concurrent fungal infections and severe ich thyroidoses

2021

Preprint

“…AGEs harm tissues in two ways: first, they modify protein structures by covalently cross-linking them, and second, they activate a number of intracellular pathways that increase the production of inflammatory cytokines and the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23). Furthermore, AGEs-RAGE interaction inhibits TGF-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and SMAD, as well as upregulating Egr-1, which stimulates RAGE transcription in COPD (67). Chronic oxidative stress, which has also been linked to COPD, is the most important regulator of AGE production.…”

Section: In Copd the Age-rage Axis And Srage Play A Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic obstructive pulmonary condition (COPD) is a prevalent, preventable, and curable illness with persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation

2021

Preprint

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) research on chronic obstructive pulmonary condition (COPD) characterizes it as a prevalent, preventable, and curable illness with persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. airway blockage resulting in dyspnoea and air trapping when exercising airflow restriction can be attributed to smoking, ambient tobacco smoke exposure, and the patient's TB history COPD airflow restriction is largely caused by airway tightness, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Repeated inhalation of hazardous particles induces chronic inflammatory immune cell infiltration, tissue repair, and airway remodeling, resulting in a 4-to 40-fold increase in airway resistance and bronchiolar constriction. 20% of small airways are bronchi, with the rest being either bronchioles or alveolar ductal gaps. Flow restriction includes alveolar wall disintegration and alveolar support. The modifications worsen the rapid FEV1 fall and contribute to the airway obstruction seen in COPD. COPD, small airway disease (SAD), has been extensively studied. Inflammation, fibrosis, and destruction of bronchioles are all indications of this illness. mixed pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). In fact, fibrosis appears to be involved in the obstruction of small airways.RAGE participates in several intracellular processes by binding to several ligands. RAGE ligand interactions trigger downstream signaling pathways that have been associated with COPD and other disorders. Thus, inhibitors of RAGE and its signaling pathways also have been found to play a function in other disorders, which suggests that they might be used to treat COPD. There are currently no established biomarkers to diagnose COPD. COPD patients are shown to have altered RAGE and some of its ligands. Despite a lack of agreement on how smoking affects sRAGE levels, greater study is needed to discover whether or not this biomarker is stable. It was discovered that among the North Han Chinese,-429T > C is associated with COPD. COPD vulnerability is furthermore associated with the genetics of RAGE. To get a better diagnosis, population-based studies are needed. Finally, RAGE, AGE-RAGE, and sRAGE all impact COPD, and RAGE may be employed as a biomarker for diagnosis and management of COPD patients if more study supports this hypothesis.

“…The necrotic or nonfunctioning myocardium has no method of recovering and functioning properly, which has become a serious concern in the treatment of cardiac problems. Stem cell transplantation has recently been shown to enhance heart function via a paracrine impact (66,67). Many paracrine factors produced by stem cells directly mend regenerated cardiac tissue, allowing them to enable cell-free therapy in the future.…”

Section: Myocardial Infarction and Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes may prevent cardiac attacks, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy

2021

Preprint

Since the discovery of exosomes, cardiovascular disease therapeutic research has gained interest. Proteins, cytokines, and miRNAs are among the active chemicals present in stem cell-generated exosomes. Exosomes from stem cells include anticardiomyocyte apoptosis, anticardiomyocyte damage, angiogenesis-promoting miRNAs and growth factors. Exosomes can also be used to prevent heart attacks, hypertension, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Using exosomes gives several advantages over stem cell transplantation. Exosome therapy is less stressful, reducing the possibility of abnormal differentiation (e.g., stem cells differentiating into bone, fat, or even tumors). Exosomes cause no obvious negative effects, including fever, allergy, or hemolysis. Exosome therapy has no ethical problems. Exosomes have several advantages, but they also have some downsides when employed. Exosomes are produced throughout the body by a number of cells, and the specific function of exosomes from various sources is challenging to identify. Exosome extraction is challenging, and few exosomes are accessible. This results in an unmet need for a standardized and effective extraction procedure. Exosome content is unstable, susceptible to fluctuations. Although stem cell-derived exosomes have several limitations, they have shown promise in cell-free applications in regenerative medicine. Exosomes, a critical component of the paracrine influence of stem cells, may transfer certain miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins to target cells, increasing cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and angiogenesis while blocking apoptosis and inflammation. As a result, cell-free exosomes seem to be a promising CVD therapeutic approach.