CRISPR-Cas Mediated Genome Editing: A Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology

Abstract

CRISPR–Cas genome editing technology developed from prokaryotes has transformed the molecular biology of plants past all assumptions. CRISPR–Cas, which is distinguished by its resilience, relatively high specificity, and easy implementation, enables specific genetic modification of crops, allowing for the creation of germplasms with favorable characters and the development of innovative, highly efficient agricultural systems. Moreover, many new biotechnologies in the framework of CRISPR–Cas platforms have bolstered basic research as well as synthetic biology toolkit of plants. In this article, initially, we provide a brief overview of CRISPR–Cas gene editing, emphasis on the modern, most specific gene-editing techniques, such as prime and base editing. Following that, the major role of CRISPR–Cas in plants in enhancing pesticide and disease resistance, quality, yield, breeding, and faster domestication are next discussed. In this review, we discuss the current advancements in plant biotechnology linked to CRISPR–Cas, such as CRISPR–Cas gene control, reagent conveyance, multiplexed gene editing, directed evolution, and mutagenesis. In the end, we talk about how this innovative technology may be used in the future.

A Comprehensive Review on Melatonin Compound and its Functions in Different Fungi and Plants

“…One possible mechanism is light exposure during the night (their operating hours) suppresses the melatonin levels [24]. Which is compatible with the statements in the animal in which human donors infuse tumorbearing rats with melatonin-rich blood the development of the transplanted tumor (having nightly melatonin levels) was inhibited; however, if these rats were injected with equivalent daytime human blood deficient in melatonin, tumor development was released [25]. Therefore, as light exposure exaggerates tumor growth during the dark process.…”

Tapping into the Unsung Potential of CRISPR/CAS Technology in Agriculture

“…NHEJ-based gene insertion may also be promoted by Cas12a, which forms a DSB with staggered ends that are distant to the PAM site [68][69][70]. In some biological systems, Cas12a is thought to be more specific than wildtype SpCas9 [71][72][73][74][75][76].…”

Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation and Its Significance in Plants

“…Pesticides, high salinity, laser irradiation, ultraviolet radiation stress, soil nutrient insufficiency, re-oxygenation and anoxia, drought, cold, heat, climate change, and hyperosmotic stress are just a few of the abiotic environmental stress factors that researchers have looked into. Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Arabidopsis thaliana, Quercus lobata, winter wheat, maize, rice, barley, and Populus trichocarpa have all been used in this study [111]. Many early investigations of abiotic stress revealed stress-induced demethylation and/or methylation of DNA patterns either genome wide or at specific loci, similar to plant responses to biotic stress.…”