CRISPR-Based Epigenome Editing: Mechanisms and Applications

Fadul, Shaima M; Arshad, Aleeza; Mehmood, Rashid

doi:10.2217/epi-2023-0281

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 169 publications

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“…Even though the CRISPR-dCas9 system helps to improve the precision and specificity of gene editing, reported cases of off-target effects restrict their widespread application in clinical studies. Methods to mitigate these off-target effects have been developed, which could potentially advance the clinical use of CRISPR systems ( 122 , 124 , 125 ). Another limitation of using CRISPR-based epigenetic editing is the large size of CRISPR-Cas9 systems.…”

Section: Induction Of Tls: Current and Potential Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic targets to enhance antitumor immune response through the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures

Omotesho,

Escamilla,

Pérez-Ruiz

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates found in sites of chronic inflammation such as tumors and autoimmune diseases. The discovery that TLS formation at tumor sites correlated with good patient prognosis has triggered extensive research into various techniques to induce their formation at the tumor microenvironment (TME). One strategy is the exogenous induction of specific cytokines and chemokine expression in murine models. However, applying such systemic chemokine expression can result in significant toxicity and damage to healthy tissues. Also, the TLS formed from exogenous chemokine induction is heterogeneous and different from the ones associated with favorable prognosis. Therefore, there is a need to optimize additional approaches like immune cell engineering with lentiviral transduction to improve the TLS formation in vivo. Similarly, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of the different phases of TLS neogenesis are still unknown. Understanding these molecular regulations could help identify novel targets to induce tissue-specific TLS in the TME. This review offers a unique insight into the molecular checkpoints of the different stages and mechanisms involved in TLS formation. This review also highlights potential epigenetic targets to induce TLS neogenesis. The review further explores epigenetic therapies (epi-therapy) and ongoing clinical trials using epi-therapy in cancers. In addition, it builds upon the current knowledge of tools to generate TLS and TLS phenotyping biomarkers with predictive and prognostic clinical potential.

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Section: Induction Of Tls: Current and Potential Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic targets to enhance antitumor immune response through the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures

Omotesho,

Escamilla,

Pérez-Ruiz

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Unravelling the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on offspring growth, production, reproduction and disease susceptibility

Sindhu,

Magotra,

Sindhu

et al. 2024

Zygote

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Summary Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA molecules, play a critical role in gene expression and regulation in livestock species, influencing development, reproduction and disease resistance. DNA methylation patterns silence gene expression by blocking transcription factor binding, while histone modifications alter chromatin structure and affect DNA accessibility. Livestock-specific histone modifications contribute to gene expression and genome stability. Non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, piRNAs, siRNAs, snoRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance occurs in livestock, with environmental factors impacting epigenetic modifications and phenotypic traits across generations. Epigenetic regulation revealed significant effect on gene expression profiling that can be exploited for various targeted traits like muscle hypertrophy, puberty onset, growth, metabolism, disease resistance and milk production in livestock and poultry breeds. Epigenetic regulation of imprinted genes affects cattle growth and metabolism while epigenetic modifications play a role in disease resistance and mastitis in dairy cattle, as well as milk protein gene regulation during lactation. Nutri-epigenomics research also reveals the influence of maternal nutrition on offspring’s epigenetic regulation of metabolic homeostasis in cattle, sheep, goat and poultry. Integrating cyto-genomics approaches enhances understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in livestock breeding, providing insights into chromosomal structure, rearrangements and their impact on gene regulation and phenotypic traits. This review presents potential research areas to enhance production potential and deepen our understanding of epigenetic changes in livestock, offering opportunities for genetic improvement, reproductive management, disease control and milk production in diverse livestock species.

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CRISPR-Based Epigenome Editing: Mechanisms and Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 169 publications

Epigenetic targets to enhance antitumor immune response through the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures

Epigenetic targets to enhance antitumor immune response through the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures

Unravelling the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on offspring growth, production, reproduction and disease susceptibility

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