CRISPR-Based Crop Improvements: A Way Forward to Achieve Zero Hunger

Ahmad, Shakeel; Tang, Leilei; Shahzad, Rahil; Mawia, Amos Musyoki; Rao, Gundra Sivakrishna; Jamil, Shakra; Chen, Wei; Sheng, Zhonghua; Shao, Gaoneng; Wei, Xiaosheng; Mahfouz, Magdy M.; Hu, Shikai; Tang, Shaoqing

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02653

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Indeed, genome editing is a valued strategy with competence to involve in food production for the merits of the growing human population (El-Mounadi et al, 2020). A myriad of reports have verified the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system by knocking out particular reported genes that contributed to abiotic or biotic stresstolerant mechanisms (Ahmad et al, 2021). Biotic stress inspired by pathogenic microorganisms usually leads to substantial challenges in the progress of disease-resistant crops and account for about 45% of potential yield loss and contribute to about 15% of global declines in food production (Oerke, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Optimizing sgRNA to Improve CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Efficiency: Special Focus on Human and Animal Cell

Baghini

Gardanova

Zekiy

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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During recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technologies have been noticed as a rapidly evolving tool to deliver a possibility for modifying target sequence expression and function. The CRISPR/Cas9 tool is currently being used to treat a myriad of human disorders, ranging from genetic diseases and infections to cancers. Preliminary reports have shown that CRISPR technology could result in valued consequences for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), cystic fibrosis (CF), β-thalassemia, Huntington’s diseases (HD), etc. Nonetheless, high rates of off-target effects may hinder its application in clinics. Thereby, recent studies have focused on the finding of the novel strategies to ameliorate these off-target effects and thereby lead to a high rate of fidelity and accuracy in human, animals, prokaryotes, and also plants. Meanwhile, there is clear evidence indicating that the design of the specific sgRNA with high efficiency is of paramount importance. Correspondingly, elucidation of the principal parameters that contributed to determining the sgRNA efficiencies is a prerequisite. Herein, we will deliver an overview regarding the therapeutic application of CRISPR technology to treat human disorders. More importantly, we will discuss the potent influential parameters (e.g., sgRNA structure and feature) implicated in affecting the sgRNA efficacy in CRISPR/Cas9 technology, with special concentration on human and animal studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Optimizing sgRNA to Improve CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Efficiency: Special Focus on Human and Animal Cell

Baghini

Gardanova

Zekiy

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology provides an opportunity to develop and select transgene‐free plants (Boettcher and McManus, 2015 ). The creation of CRISPR‐edited transgene‐free plant has somehow increased the social and ecological acceptability of CRISPR‐edited crops (Ahmad et al ., 2021 ; Bartkowski et al ., 2018 ). Consequently, some countries, such as US have accepted transgene‐free CRISPR‐edited crops for commercialization after stringent regulatory measures (Waltz, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of aromatic three‐line hybrid rice using novel alleles of BADH2

Hui

Mawia

et al. 2021

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Aroma is a key grain quality trait that directly influences the market price of rice globally. Loss of function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (OsBADH2) affects the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP), which is responsible for aroma in fragrant rice. The current study was aimed at creating new alleles of BADH2 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology under the genetic background of the japonica Ningjing 1 (NJ1) and indica Huang Huazhan (HHZ) varieties. Sensory evaluation and analysis using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) showed that the grains of the four homozygous T 1 lines with new alleles of BADH2 (nj1-cr BADH2 -1, nj1-cr BADH2 -2, hhz-cr BADH2 -1 and hhz-cr BADH2 -2) produced moderate fragrance and had significantly increased 2-AP content compared with wild-types. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the amylose content and gelatinization temperature among the four lines with new alleles of BADH2 to the wild-types. Thereafter, we crossed the HHZ background new alleles of BADH2 with CMS line Taonong 1A (TN1A) to produce a three-line hybrid variety B-Tao-You-Xiangzhan (BTYXZ) with increased grain aroma. The 2-AP content in grains of the improved BTYXZ-1 and BTYXZ-2 reached at 26.16 and 18.74 μg/kg, and the gel consistency of BTYXZ-1 and BTYXZ-2 increased significantly by 9.1% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with the wild-type Tao-You-Xiangzhan (TYXZ). However, the γaminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the improved three-line hybrid rice BTYXZ-1 (5.6 mg/100 g) and BTYXZ-2 (10.7 mg/100 g) was significantly lower than that of the TYXZ. These results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology could be successfully utilized in improving aroma in non-fragrant japonica and indica varieties. In addition, the newly developed BADH2 alleles provided important genetic resources for grain aroma improvement in three-line hybrid rice.

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“…However, biofortification using conventional breeding is challenging because the changes required in the genome are too complex [39], which makes genome editing the possible approach. The use of CRISPR-mediated genome editing has been applied in several crops [40,41] and reviewed by Ahmad et al [42].…”

Section: The Current Crispr/cas9 System and Strategies To Mitigate Off-target Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems: Mechanisms and Applications in Plant Sciences

Karlson

Noor

Nolte

et al. 2021

Plants

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RNA-guided genomic transcriptional regulation tools, namely clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa), are a powerful technology for gene functional studies. Deriving from the CRISPR/Cas9 system, both systems consist of a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9), a transcriptional effector and a single guide RNA (sgRNA). This type of dCas9 is incapable to cleave DNA but retains its ability to specifically bind to DNA. The binding of the dCas9/sgRNA complex to a target gene results in transcriptional interference. The CRISPR/dCas9 system has been explored as a tool for transcriptional modulation and genome imaging. Despite its potential applications and benefits, the challenges and limitations faced by the CRISPR/dCas9 system include the off-target effects, protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence requirements, efficient delivery methods and the CRISPR/dCas9-interfered crops being labeled as genetically modified organisms in several countries. This review highlights the progression of CRISPR/dCas9 technology as well as its applications and potential challenges in crop improvement.

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CRISPR-Based Crop Improvements: A Way Forward to Achieve Zero Hunger

Cited by 57 publications

References 109 publications

RETRACTED: Optimizing sgRNA to Improve CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Efficiency: Special Focus on Human and Animal Cell

RETRACTED: Optimizing sgRNA to Improve CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Efficiency: Special Focus on Human and Animal Cell

Production of aromatic three‐line hybrid rice using novel alleles of BADH2

CRISPR/dCas9-Based Systems: Mechanisms and Applications in Plant Sciences

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