“…This is surprising given that international political issues, for example, migration or institutional cooperation, are closely connected to populist discourses and often constitutive of their electoral success (Verbeek and Zaslove, 2017). The combination of global political, economic, and cultural crisis narratives has frequently offered populists opportunities for electoral expansion (Caiani and Graziano, 2019; Lacatus and Meibauer, 2021). Once populists gain office, their political anti-globalist, illiberal, transactional, or isolationist tendencies - shape foreign policy (Destradi and Plagemann, 2019; Jenne, 2021).…”