Crisis Narratives and the African Paradox: African Informal Economies, COVID‐19 and the Decolonization of Social Policy

Abstract

This article challenges the role of COVID‐19 crisis narratives in shaping social policy choices in Africa. The COVID‐19 pandemic has focused attention on Africa's vast informal economies, both as a symbol of the continent's intense vulnerability to the ravages of the pandemic, and as a puzzle in the face of the uneven and limited effects of COVID‐19 across the continent. Indeed, an examination of statistical and documentary evidence reveals an inverse relationship between COVID‐19 fatalities and the size of African informal economies, and a perverse relationship between best‐practice COVID social protection responses and levels of COVID‐19 mortality. Scrutinizing the evidence behind African COVID‐19 crisis narratives raises questions about the ability of donor‐led digitized social protection paradigms to address social needs in highly informalized, low‐resource environments. This article highlights the role of crisis narratives as an exercise of power geared to remastering, homogenizing and reimagining African informal economies in ways that facilitate particular types of development intervention, sidelining alternative, more socially grounded policy perspectives. Through a closer examination of historical and contemporary realities in Africa's vast and varied informal economies, the article highlights the need to decolonize social policy by privileging local needs and policy perspectives over global policy agendas in the interest of transformative rather than palliative policy responses.

A Transformative Social Policy Perspective on Land and Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe

“…TSP emphasises the fulfilment of these multiple tasks and what Adesina (2015) calls "[…] a return to the wider vision of development and social policy." The wider vision supports and enhances productivity, rather than focusing on minimal poverty alleviation (Adesina, 2020;Meagher, 2022). Underlying TSP is a commitment to social policies with a transformative potential that positively impacts the economy, human capability, social relations, and institutions (Adesina, 2011, Mkandawire, 2007.…”

“…In doing so, land reform (again, with appropriate agrarian support, upstream and downstream) addresses the protection task of social policy, ex-ante by smoothing household consumption and enhancing accumulation.The TSP approach holds that social policies are “[…] collective public efforts aimed at protecting the wellbeing of people in a given territory” (Adesina, 2009: 38) and “collective interventions in the economy to influence access to and the incidence of adequate and secure livelihoods and income” (Mkandawire, 2004: 1) Thus for the UNRISD (2023), TSP provides a systematic and integrated understanding of social policy encompassing multiple key tasks, which include production, reproduction, protection, redistribution and social cohesion/nation building. TSP emphasises the fulfilment of these multiple tasks and what Adesina (2015) calls “[…] a return to the wider vision of development and social policy.” The wider vision supports and enhances productivity, rather than focusing on minimal poverty alleviation (Adesina, 2020; Meagher, 2022). Underlying TSP is a commitment to social policies with a transformative potential that positively impacts the economy, human capability, social relations, and institutions (Adesina, 2011, Mkandawire, 2007).…”