“…Indeed, exactly like in everyday life scenarios, Social Media has contributed to the creation and dissemination of false or misleading information [78,79]. That is, of course, the reason for increasing concern [78][79][80][81], as such phenomena may become especially critical during a crisis [82]. There are many socioeconomic factors that could hinder communication among Social Media users or generate unwanted patterns [83].…”
Section: The Information Challengementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[75] examined the fast diffusion of rumours among the public and its consequent impact on decision-making [87]. For instance, consider the case of the earthquake in Ecuador in 2016 [80,81].…”
Section: The Information Challengementioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other side, as in everyday life scenarios, Social Media contributes to creating and disseminating false or misleading information [78,79]. There is reason to be even more concerned [71,[78][79][80][81]164], as the misinformation through Social Media may become especially critical during a crisis [82].…”
This review proposes a concise literature review aimed at identifying the current body of knowledge on the adoption of Social Networks in crisis management. The major input is a structured research question based on the initial reading about the topic. Before the recent pandemic, most literature focused on local crises, with relatively few exceptions. Additionally, self-organising systems are spontaneously established between people who are affected by a crisis. The fundamental assumption underlying this study is the huge potential of Social Networks in the field of crisis management. That is supported, directly or indirectly, by a number of previous studies, which emphasise how effective adoption leads to better decision-making for crisis managers and local communities. Among the identified challenges is the need to integrate official communication by emergency agencies with citizen-generated content in a contest for credibility and trustworthiness. In certain cases, it has been reported that there is a lack of specific competence, knowledge, and expertise, as well as a lack of sufficient policies and guidelines for the use of Social Networks. Those challenges need to be framed by considering the classic difficulties of providing timely and accurate information to deal with fake news, unverified or misleading information, and information overload. Bridging major gaps through advanced analytics and AI-based technology is expected to provide a key contribution to establishing and safely enabling the practice of effective and efficient communication. This technology can help contrast dissonant mental models, which are often fostered by Social Networks, and enable shared situational awareness. Future research may take a closer look at AI technology and its impact on the role of Social Networks in managing crises.
“…Indeed, exactly like in everyday life scenarios, Social Media has contributed to the creation and dissemination of false or misleading information [78,79]. That is, of course, the reason for increasing concern [78][79][80][81], as such phenomena may become especially critical during a crisis [82]. There are many socioeconomic factors that could hinder communication among Social Media users or generate unwanted patterns [83].…”
Section: The Information Challengementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[75] examined the fast diffusion of rumours among the public and its consequent impact on decision-making [87]. For instance, consider the case of the earthquake in Ecuador in 2016 [80,81].…”
Section: The Information Challengementioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other side, as in everyday life scenarios, Social Media contributes to creating and disseminating false or misleading information [78,79]. There is reason to be even more concerned [71,[78][79][80][81]164], as the misinformation through Social Media may become especially critical during a crisis [82].…”
This review proposes a concise literature review aimed at identifying the current body of knowledge on the adoption of Social Networks in crisis management. The major input is a structured research question based on the initial reading about the topic. Before the recent pandemic, most literature focused on local crises, with relatively few exceptions. Additionally, self-organising systems are spontaneously established between people who are affected by a crisis. The fundamental assumption underlying this study is the huge potential of Social Networks in the field of crisis management. That is supported, directly or indirectly, by a number of previous studies, which emphasise how effective adoption leads to better decision-making for crisis managers and local communities. Among the identified challenges is the need to integrate official communication by emergency agencies with citizen-generated content in a contest for credibility and trustworthiness. In certain cases, it has been reported that there is a lack of specific competence, knowledge, and expertise, as well as a lack of sufficient policies and guidelines for the use of Social Networks. Those challenges need to be framed by considering the classic difficulties of providing timely and accurate information to deal with fake news, unverified or misleading information, and information overload. Bridging major gaps through advanced analytics and AI-based technology is expected to provide a key contribution to establishing and safely enabling the practice of effective and efficient communication. This technology can help contrast dissonant mental models, which are often fostered by Social Networks, and enable shared situational awareness. Future research may take a closer look at AI technology and its impact on the role of Social Networks in managing crises.
“…They applied a selfintroduced user classification to three roles on the Twitter datasets of the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the Boston Marathon Bombing in 2013. Identifying emerging leaders or impactful users in crisis communication might also be an effective way of identifying posts that ensure a higher probability of reliability and truthfulness [27,28], although this is not guaranteed. In the last few years, there has been an increasing concern about false information propagation on social media.…”
Section: Crisis Communication On Social Mediamentioning
Convergence Behaviour Archetypes (CBA) describe the many different ways that individuals spontaneously and collectively move towards an emergency situation. If this movement is not managed effectively, crisis management issues and problems can emerge and lead to an exacerbation of the crisis situation e.g. panic, convergence of people and resources towards danger, convergence of excess and unrequired people and resources etc. Users of social media platforms express different motivations and behaviours while converging on a crisis. While this behaviour has been analysed in previous research, an understanding of convergence behaviour facilitated by social media platforms to an effective level of control, is yet to be achieved. This paper examines how Twitter users, converged on the Manchester Bombing 2017. We identified the most impactful convergence behaviour archetypes, including those with the highest perceived legitimacy of convergence i.e. those deemed by the Twitter network, to have a necessary and meaningful role in the crisis. Manual content and social network analyses were conducted on our data by identifying three roles that determine the Twitter users with the highest impact regarding their retweet behaviour. We determined that Helpers, Mourners and Detectives had the highest impact on crisis communication in this event.
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