Crisis Intervention Team Training and Special Weapons and Tactics Callouts in an Urban Police Department

Compton, M.P.H. Michael T.; Demir, Muhammet; Oliva, Janet R.; Boyce, Trudy

doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.6.831

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mental health training may improve how police officers respond to and record situations involving individuals with mental health problems [ 9 ]. A recent systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health training programmes for non-mental health trained professionals, including the police, reported that there were huge variations in training design, delivery and content, making the best approaches to training unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Training and Education about Mental Illness for Police Organisations (TEMPO) [ 11 ] is being introduced into police forces in Canada and the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programme [ 12 ] is being introduced into police forces in the USA and elsewhere. In the UK, police forces are required to adhere to the CoP standards for mental health training provision, but have autonomy to decide how training is delivered and so the amount of training received varies across forces [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effectiveness of a training program for police officers who come into contact with people with mental health problems: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPolice officers frequently come into contact with individuals with mental health problems. Specialist training in this area for police officers may improve how they respond to individuals with mental health problems; however, evidence to support this is sparse. This study evaluated the effectiveness of one bespoke mental health training package for frontline police officers relative to routine training.DesignPragmatic, two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial in one police force in England. Police stations in North Yorkshire were randomised with frontline police officers receiving either a bespoke mental health training package or routine training. The primary outcome was the number of incidents which resulted in a police response reported to the North Yorkshire Police control room up to six months after delivery of training. Secondary outcomes included: likelihood of incidents using Section 136 of the Mental Health Act; likelihood of incidents having a mental health tag applied; and number of individuals with a mental health warning marker involved in incidents. The appropriateness of mental health tags applied to a random sample of incidents was checked by an independent mental health professional. Routinely collected data were used.ResultsTwelve police stations were recruited and randomised (Intervention group n = 6; Control group n = 6), and 249 officers received the bespoke mental health training intervention. At follow-up, a median of 397 incidents were assigned to trial stations in the intervention group, and 498 in the control group. There was no evidence of a difference in the number of incidents with a police response (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.38, p = 0.69), or in the number of people with mental health warning markers involved in incidents (adjusted IRR 1.39, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.10, p = 0.13) between the intervention and control groups up to six months following the intervention; however, incidents assigned to stations in the intervention group were more likely to have a mental health tag applied to them than incidents assigned to control stations (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71, p = 0.001). The review of 100 incidents suggests that there may be incidents involving individuals with mental health issues that are not being recorded as such (Kappa coefficient 0.65). There was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act being applied to an incident.ConclusionsThe bespoke one day mental health training delivered to frontline officers by mental health professionals did not reduce the number of incidents reported to the police control room up to six months after its delivery; however training may have a positive effect on how the police record incidents involving individuals with mental health problems. Our trial has shown that conducting pragmatic trials within the police setting is feasible and acceptable. There is a wealth of routinely collected police data that can be utilised for research ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a training program for police officers who come into contact with people with mental health problems: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While DuPont & Cochran (2000) have reported an association between CIT implementation in Memphis and decreased use of high-intensity police units such as Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams, Compton and colleagues (2009) did not find an association between CIT implementation and SWAT call outs (Compton, Demir, Oliva & Boyce, 2009). A few studies have examined CIT’s impact on use of force and injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIT in context: The impact of mental health resource availability and district saturation on call dispositions

Watson

Ottati

Draine

et al. 2011

International Journal of Law and Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goals of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs include improving safety during encounters between police and persons with mental illnesses, diverting persons with mental illnesses away from the criminal justice system, and increasing referral and access to mental health services. CIT is a systemic intervention, and as such, its implementation and effectiveness are influenced by existing practices and infrastructures. However, little research has considered the context in which CIT programs are implemented. In this paper, we present research on CIT in four Chicago police districts that vary in terms of two contextual factors hypothesized to influence the impact of CIT training on how calls involving persons with mental illnesses are resolved. Using data from 112 patrol officers in four Chicago police districts, we consider the impact of mental health services availability and CIT saturation (the percentage of district personnel that are CIT certified). Findings indicate that CIT training increased direction to mental health services primarily in districts with greater availability of mental health services. In districts with low service availability, higher CIT saturation increased direction to mental services. The opposite pattern emerged for contact only or informal call resolution. No effects were found for arrest as a call outcome.

show abstract

“…A hostage situation would be a typical example, as well as when a criminal barricades himself in a building, riots, and other high risk operations. (Avdija, 2014;Compton, Demir, Oliva, and Boyce, 2009;Snow, 1999Snow, , 1996. Because of the burden placed upon them by their unique responsibilities, S.W.A.T.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Hypnosis and the Courts

Paterline¹

2016

JLCJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Crisis Intervention Team Training and Special Weapons and Tactics Callouts in an Urban Police Department

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Effectiveness of a training program for police officers who come into contact with people with mental health problems: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Effectiveness of a training program for police officers who come into contact with people with mental health problems: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial

CIT in context: The impact of mental health resource availability and district saturation on call dispositions

Forensic Hypnosis and the Courts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About