Crisis, charisma, values, and voting behavior in the 2004 presidential election

Charisma under crisis revisited: Presidential leadership, perceived leader effectiveness, and contextual influences

“…Additional studies support the argument that charismatic leadership can develop outside of crises (Halverson et al, 2004;Pillai & Meindl, 1998). Still others have found a negative relationship between charismatic leadership and crisis situations (Bligh, Kohles, & Pillai, 2005;Pillai & Meindl, 1998;Williams, Pillai, Lowe, Jung, & Herst, 2009).…”

Moderating role of subordinates' attitudes on transformational leadership and effectiveness: A multi-cultural and multi-level perspective

“…Jung and Avolio (2000) also found that value congruence held by followers mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and follower performance. In contrast, Williams, Pillai, Lowe, Jung, and Herst (2009) recently examined the mediating role of value congruence on voters' perception of charismatic leadership toward U.S. presidential candidates and their voting behavior and found that, although value congruence was positively related to attributed charisma, it did not moderate or mediate the relationship.…”

Charismatic and Affective Rhetoric in a Presidential Campaign

“…This idea was supported by Bligh et al's (2004b) research, which found that President Bush's speech contained more references to values, beliefs, and faith-based principles after the events of September 11 th than before. Other research suggests that voting behavior is likely influenced by the value congruence between the presidential candidate and voter (Williams et al, 2004). Thus, we hypothesize that:…”