Crisis and conservation in Sagarmatha national park, Nepal

Brower, Barbara

doi:10.1080/08941929109380750

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although one of the goals of the national park was to buffer the impacts of tourism on Sherpas as well as their homeland, many Khumbu Sherpas feared that the national park would intervene in their customary use and control of land and resources. These fears soon proved justified when national park authorities announced new policies in 1979 that not only banned tourist campfires but also banned all felling of trees by Sherpas and enforced the new regulations with an army ‘protection unit’ (Stevens 1983 1993a 1997b forthcoming; Brower 1991a 1991b; Brower and Dennis 1998).…”

Section: The Deforestation Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zopkios and cows are less hardy than yaks and are allowed to graze longer in lower Khumbu thereby increasing the potential for grazing and browsing impacts on forest ecology and regeneration (Bjonness 1980a; Hardie et al. 1987; Byers 1987a; Brower 1990, 1991a 1991b; Brower and Dennis 1998; Stevens 1993a 1993b). Moreover, families keeping small numbers of zopkios and cows are often reluctant to use summer alpine pastures, and by the early 1980s this had helped undermine the customary summer bans on village‐vicinity grazing in half of the major Khumbu villages (Brower 1990 1991b; Stevens 1993a 1993b).…”

Section: New Pressures On Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alarm over tourism impacts on forests and alpine vegetation helped catalyse the creation of Sagarmatha National Park that same year and has spurred millions of pounds of international conservation and development assistance for reforestation and for the development of hydroelectricity to decrease firewood use (Byers 1987a; Hardie et al. 1987; Brower 1991a 1991b; Stevens 1983 1993a 1997b; Ledgard 2002a 2002b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tourism and deforestation in the Mt Everest region of Nepal

Stevens

2003

Geographical Journal

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Over the past 50 years the Sherpa‐inhabited Mt Everest region of Nepal has become a premier international mountaineering and trekking destination. Tourism development has brought prosperity to many Sherpas. It has also, however, had adverse impacts on regional forests and alpine vegetation because of the use of firewood by camping groups and inns and the felling of trees to construct inns and other tourist facilities. Concern that tourism was causing widespread deforestation helped catalyse the 1976 establishment of an inhabited protected area, Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, in the Khumbu region and spurred the implementation of a series of forest conservation and alternative energy development measures both within the national park and in a recently declared buffer zone in the adjacent Pharak region. This paper examines the changing pressures that tourism has placed on regional forests and alpine vegetation over the past half century and their role in regional vegetation change. This analysis is based primarily on detailed accounts of past and present forest use and change obtained during fieldwork conducted in all Khumbu and Pharak villages, along with corroborating evidence from early foreign visitors’ accounts and photographs. Contrary to some early reports it now appears there has actually been little deforestation since 1950. The continuing use of firewood by inns, however, has contributed to the thinning of forests in some parts of the national park and to the depletion of shrub juniper in the most heavily visited alpine regions. There has been a greater impact on forests just outside the national park, which have been heavily thinned over an extensive area in order to provide timber to build inns within the national park.

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Section: The Deforestation Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Pressures On Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tourism and deforestation in the Mt Everest region of Nepal

Stevens

2003

Geographical Journal

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“…Two issues of geographical interest emerge. First, environmental conservation in Latin America and elsewhere in the Third World needs to involve local communities in the management of natural resources and protected areas (Denevan and Padoch 1987;Brower 1990;Naughton 1993). Second is the striking transitional cultural landscape of Laguna San Ignacio.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local People and Conservation in Mexico's El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve

Young

1999

Geographical Review

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ABSTRACT. It is increasingly clear that local participation in conservation endeavors is not only critical but also highly problematic. El VizcaÍno Biosphere Reserve in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is examined to study the difficulties involved in translating community‐based conservation rhetoric into on‐the‐ground nature‐protection efforts. This case illustrates how inhabitants of a reserve are marginalized by the very conservation process meant to engage them as key actors in promoting natural‐resource protection. It also highlights recent attempts to enhance local participation in reserve endeavors through collaborative efforts among field staff, nongovernmental organizations, and area residents.

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“…Blaming local small-scale resource extractors is a recurring theme in environmental and development narratives. Claims that fishermen over-fish, wood cutters over-cut, swidden agriculturists burn too much forest, and so on, justify their alienation from traditional sources of income, and outside efforts to rationalize land use (Derman and Ferguson 1994;Stonich 1994;Johnston 1994;Brower 1991). This is not to say that smallscale practices are never environmentally destructive or to ignore the cumulative impacts of the small-scale extractive activities of many people.…”

Section: Discursive Strategies and The Politics Of Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber‐activism: World Wildlife Fund's Campaign to Save the Tiger

Weeks

1999

Culture & Agriculture

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Crisis and conservation in Sagarmatha national park, Nepal

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Tourism and deforestation in the Mt Everest region of Nepal

Tourism and deforestation in the Mt Everest region of Nepal

Local People and Conservation in Mexico's El Vizcaíno Biosphere Reserve

Cyber‐activism: World Wildlife Fund's Campaign to Save the Tiger

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