Crises of Identity Among Irish Protestants 1641-1685

Studies in the Quality of Life in Victorian Britain and Ireland

“…There were the Old English who had immigrated in earlier generations (Barnard 1960), and who had been assimilated to a degree by the people dismissively referred to by English commentators at the time as ''the mere Irish.'' It is far from a comprehensive view because it addresses transactions recorded in varying degrees of detail, and at important moments of life and death; it is restricted to those who attended the Established church.…”

‘The Rebels Turkish Tyranny’: Understanding Sexual Violence in Ireland during the 1640s

“…Memories also survived among Protestants of the violent 1590s when Protestant settlers, particularly in Munster, were attacked and their fledgling homes and communities destroyed in a major rebellion. 19 However, it was not only fears of home-grown Catholic conspiracy and aggression that fed Protestant anxieties during the 1640s. The bloody religious wars in Germany, that began in 1618 and did not end till 1648, and the St Bartholomew's Day massacre of Protestants in France in 1572 were well known, having been publicised through the rapidly developing trade in cheaply printed pamphlets and broadsheets.…”

Ethnic identities and language in Northern Ireland

“…The complexity of identity amongst Protestants in Ireland is nothing new. A survey of the historical literature reveals that, from almost the first moments of cultural contact in the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods, the various 'newcomer' identities (Brady and Gillespie 1986) experienced crisis and transformation in equal degree (Barnard 1990;Hayton 1987;Smyth 1993). Moreover, the Irish language was used at various points as a tool for authenticating senses of identity and place (0 Cuiv 1976;.…”