“…Of significant concern regarding ES cell replacement therapy is the risk of teratoma formation. Worth noting, Cripto is also overexpressed in a wide range of epithelial cancers, including breast, pancreatic, ovarian, and colon carcinomas, and, more recently, antibody blockade of Cripto has been shown to suppress tumor cell growth [14, 20–22]. We therefore hypothesize that inhibition of Cripto signaling in Cr −/− ES cells, in addition to directing ES cells to increased neural commitment, may block teratoma formation, thus enhancing the therapeutic potential of ES cells.…”