Cripping the History of Computing

Wu, Di; Perold, Colette

doi:10.1109/mahc.2021.3101061

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Disability has routinely figured as an epistemic and material resource in the history of information technology (Wu, 2021). The sound spectrograph, a precursor to speech recognition technologies (Li and Mills, 2019), was initially proposed to improve deaf education (Mills, 2010).…”

Section: Objectified Resource Undervalued Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Wu¹

2023

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People with disabilities are often perceived as being “given” the opportunity to work, rather than “providing” valuable labor. Centering on disabled data workers as experts involved in the quotidian construction of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in China, this article shows that disability expertise and labor can afford a technical edge to AI systems in a certain political economy. In the case examined, the work of consistently synchronizing interpretations of the ambiguous data and elusive rules of smart home systems prefers a stable annotation workforce with coordinated cognition and trained judgment. This technical demand has come to be met by a committed team of skilled disabled workers, who are pushed out from mainstream job market by systemic ableism, and pulled in by disability-informed expertise that reconfigures space, time, and political economy to meet non-normative bodyminds. Through this exceptional case run by a disabled people led organization, I draw attention to disabled people’s under-examined role as system-builders of information technologies as opposed to users, victims, or inspirations, and highlight the transformative potential of disability expertise.

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Section: Objectified Resource Undervalued Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Wu¹

2023

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“…Disabled people have long been a target of technological innovation, often with the explicit goal of erasing disability and normalizing disabled people. Within most mainstream scholarship on technology, disabled people have more commonly been seen as problems to be solved, rather than sources of expertise (Hofmann, et al, 2020;Mankoff, et al, 2010;Wu, 2021). In the context of research, treating disability as little more than a potential area of inquiry and intervention contributes to what some scholars have termed "epistemic violence," whereby disabled people's expertise and knowledge are dismissed as too subjective or anecdotal to merit real consideration (Ymous, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Technology Disability and The Encoding Of Societal Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encoding normative ethics: On algorithmic bias and disability

Moura¹

2023

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Computer-based algorithms have the potential to encode and exacerbate ableism and may contribute to disparate outcomes for disabled people. The threat of algorithmic bias to people with disabilities is inseparable from the longstanding role of technology as a normalizing agent, and from questions of how society defines shared values, quantifies ethics, conceptualizes and measures risk, and strives to allocate limited resources. This article situates algorithmic bias amidst the larger context of normalization, draws on social and critical theories that can be used to better understand both ableism and algorithmic bias as they operate in the United States, and proposes concrete steps to mitigate harm to the disability community as a result of algorithmic adoption. Examination of two cases — the allocation of lifesaving medical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic and approaches to autism diagnosis and intervention — demonstrate instances of the mismatch between disabled people’s lived experiences and the goals and understandings advanced by nondisabled people. These examples highlight the ways particular ethical norms can become part of technological systems, and the harm that can ripple outward from misalignment of formal ethics and community values.

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KI als Medium und ›message‹ und die (Un-)Möglichkeit einer queeren Antwort

Bruder¹

2022

KI-Kritik / AI Critique

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Johannes Bruder untersucht in seinem Beitrag die konstitutiven Ein- und Ausschlüsse von autistischer Subjektivität und Kognition im Kontext von künstlicher Intelligenz. Während autistische Kognition in Fantasien von zukünftiger KI als konstitutives Anderes fungiert, waren und sind autistische Individuen essenzieller Bestandteil der kognitiven Infrastruktur von real existierender KI - ob als Testobjekte, Coder, oder Data Worker. Diese Dynamiken von Ein- und Ausschluss sind nicht neu, sondern gesellschaftlich fest verankert; autistische Aktivist*innen haben dementsprechend Strategien entworfen, sich selektiven Ein- und Ausschlüssen performativ zu entziehen. Im Text versucht Johannes Bruder diese Strategien für eine Antwort auf die Medientheorien zeitgenössischer AI fruchtbar zu machen.

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Cripping the History of Computing

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Good for tech: Disability expertise and labor in China's artificial intelligence sector

Encoding normative ethics: On algorithmic bias and disability

KI als Medium und ›message‹ und die (Un-)Möglichkeit einer queeren Antwort

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