Criminology of Atrocity Crimes: Analysing the Aetiology of the Rohingya Persecution in Myanmar

Abstract

The current paper examines the aetiology of persecution committed against the Rohingya in Myanmar from a criminological perspective. Criminological theories focusing on one level of analysis may not fully explain the incidents concerning the systematic implementation of policies of persecution against the Rohingya for decades. Thus, the author scrutinizes the factors which are involved in the aetiology of persecution at three different levels: macro (national), meso (organizational) and micro (local community and individual) within four dynamics – namely, motivation, opportunity, control and constraint. This paper employs the case study method and collects data through focus group discussions with the Rohingya in the Kutupalong refugee camp in the Cox’s Bazar region of Bangladesh. It limits its analysis to the data that covers the events of persecution against the Rohingya in Myanmar, such as revocation of their citizenship, deprivation of their fundamental rights, and different forms of atrocity crimes, from 1962 to 2019. It reveals that, despite the heterogeneity of the actions that led to atrocity crimes against the Rohingya, the military leaders in charge of Myanmar (and somewhat Myanmar’s civilian government), military personnel and other security force members, paramilitaries and vigilantes played various roles in the perpetration of such crimes.

Analisis Kebijakan Negara Indonesia dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Pengungsi Rohingya dari Perspektif Masyarakat

“…Aspek geopolitik regional dari krisis ini melibatkan peran India dan Cina di Myanmar, yang berkontribusi terhadap perpanjangan krisis (Haines & Buchanan, 2023). Krisis ini juga telah menyebabkan eksodus besar-besaran pengungsi Rohingya ke negara-negara tetangga, memberikan tekanan pada stabilitas regional dan berpotensi menyebabkan ketegangan diplomatic (Hossain, 2023). Respon internasional terhadap krisis ini tidak memadai dan tidak konsisten, sehingga mengakibatkan kegagalan kolektif untuk mengatasi krisis ini secara efektif (Islam & ŞAHİN, 2023).…”