Criminality and Psychiatric Disorders

Guze, Samuel B.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740170087013

Cited by 178 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This stereotype, which has not been addressed by research to date, involves two related beliefs: (a) that such individuals for the most part invent or exaggerate psychopathology, and (b) that they do not in fact suffer symptoms of major mental disorder (psychosis) generally considered to be a prerequisite for the insanity defense (Guze, Goodwin, & Crane, 1969;Rogers, Wasyliw, & Cavanaugh, 1984). Our research was designed to evaluate the prevalence of psychometrically assessed malingering in insanity defendants who are undergoing psychological evaluations of their sanity at the time of their alleged crime and/or their fitness to stand trial, compared to forensic patients who have already been acquitted by reason of insanity and, hence, do not have the same potential motivation to malinger.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Psychometric Study of Stereotypes: Assessment of Malingering in a Criminal Forensic Group

Grossman

Wasyliw

1988

Journal of Personality Assessment

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This research investigates the validity of the stereotype of insanity defendants as malingerers by analyzing the proportions of insanity defendants who exaggerate psychopathology at the pre- and postacquittal stages of the legal process and by assessing the severity of psychopathology among preacquittal defendants. We administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to 49 insanity defendants evaluated for fitness to stand trial and/or sanity at the time of the alleged crime and to 52 subjects previously found not guilty by reason of insanity. Results indicated: (a) Contrary to the stereotype, a minority (14% to 41%) of insanity defendants clearly malingered, whereas 22% to 39% showed evidence of minimizing psychopathology. (b) Eighty-one percent of these subjects had MMPI profiles suggestive of psychosis, but relatively few showed evidence of primarily antisocial behavior. Thus, the malingering stereotype may be application to only a minority of insanity defendants and is specifically inapplicable to a substantial proportion who minimized psychopathology or showed evidence of psychosis consistent with the claim of insanity.

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confidence: 99%

A Psychometric Study of Stereotypes: Assessment of Malingering in a Criminal Forensic Group

Grossman

Wasyliw

1988

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…The complementary perspective is provided by studies that find no positive association between psychiatrie variables and criminal behaviour. Guze and colleagues undertook aseries of cross-sectional and follow-up studies on criminals serving prison sentences and concluded that 'sociopathy, alcoholism and drug addiction were the only psychiatric disorders found more frequently among the index subjects [feions] than in the general population' (Guze, Goodwin & Crane, 1969;Guze, 1976). Sosowsky, 1978;Steadman et al, 1978), or identified an increased risk, but found that it was restricted to those with diagnoses of personality disorder and./or substance abuse but not ofpsychosis (e.g.…”

Section: Acquiring a Criminal Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Madness and crime: Criminology versus psychiatry

Wessely

Taylor

1991

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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In considering the relationship between criminal behaviour and severe mental illness two schools of thought can be identified. One, arbitrarily labelled the 'criminological', holds that criminality and mental illness are only weakly associated, if at all. The second, labelIed the 'psychiatrie' view, holds that there is areal and consistent relationship between mental illness, in particular psychosis, and violen ce. There are at least two explanations for these apparently conflicting views. Methodological difficulties, such as case definition, information bias, selection bias and confounding, have led to flawed results. The opposing conclusions are, howeve,r. not just the result of methodological shortcomings but reflect more fundamental differences in approach. The criminological emphasis on populations and offending, largely in quantitative terms, is contrasted with the psychiatrie emphasis on individuals and violen ce. Longitudinal cohort studies, using the methodology of criminal careers, may allow the two approaches to be combined, and lead to conclusions of more practical value.

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“…An interrelationship among behavioral disinhibition, increased risk for an alcohol-abuse disorder, and 5-HT turnover has been reported [11]. Behavioral attributes with a 5-HT interface include impulsivity and low frustration tolerance [12][13][14], disordered attention span [15,16], in creased motor activity [ 12,17], emotionality [18,19], and aggression [20]. It is notewor thy that many of these features also charac terize the anxious patient.…”

Section: -Ht Regulatory Effects and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin and Alcohol: Interrelationships

Tollefson

1989

Psychopathology

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Alcoholism is a multifaceted medicosocial problem. Recent literature discusses a common dyad, alcoholism and anxiety. Both disorders are interdigitated with the brain amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Direct 5-HT activation reportedly attenuates alcohol consumption, whereas depletion enhances use patterns. Acute alcohol consumption has also been associated with a transient rise, albeit eventual diminished 5-HT turnover. A variety of 5-HT models have confirmed this observation, e.g., reduced platelet 5-HT content, uptake, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Such altered characteristics of 5-HT secondary to chronic alcohol use may explain the frequent morbidity of anxiety and/or depression. Acute alcohol consumption is also associated with accumulation of the 5-HT aldehyde derivative 5-hydroxymethtryptoline. Thus, alcohol may induce the in vivo formation of aldehydes, e.g., beta-carbolines, that themselves possess high lipophilicity and psychotropic activity. Future investigation into 5-HT-specific pharmacologic probes in alcoholism will be interesting. Preliminary research has consistently demonstrated that 5-HT-enhancing agents (e.g., zimelidine or fluvoxamine) decrease alcohol consumption, preference, and short-term memory decrements. Thus, 5-HT appears to represent at least one common denominator for a spectrum of behavioral disorders including anxiety and alcoholism.

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Criminality and Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 178 publications

References 20 publications

A Psychometric Study of Stereotypes: Assessment of Malingering in a Criminal Forensic Group

A Psychometric Study of Stereotypes: Assessment of Malingering in a Criminal Forensic Group

Madness and crime: Criminology versus psychiatry

Serotonin and Alcohol: Interrelationships

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