Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

Garnick, Deborah W.; Horgan, Constance M.; Acevedo, Andrea; Lee, Margaret T.; Panas, Lee; Ritter, Grant; Dunigan, Robert; Bidorini, Alfred; Campbell, Kevin; Haberlin, Karin; Huber, Alice; Lambert-Wacey, Dawn; Leeper, Tracy; Reynolds, Mark; Wright, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2013.10.005

“…In a previous study using data from publicly funded specialty treatment from four states, engagement in outpatient treatment was associated with improved criminal justice outcomes in all states (Garnick et al, 2014). In addition, beyond the effect of engagement, in several states, clients from some minority groups had higher rates of arrests than White clients.…”

Section: Goals Of Studymentioning

confidence: 84%

Performance Measures and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Acevedo¹,

Garnick²,

Dunigan³

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: A limited literature on racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of substance use disorders suggests that quality of treatment may differ based on client's race/ethnicity. This study examined whether (a) disparities exist in the probability of treatment engagement, a performance measure for substance use disorders, and (b) treatment engagement is associated with similar reductions in likelihood of arrest for Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians. Method: Adult clients who began an outpatient treatment episode in 2008 in public sector specialty treatment facilities in Connecticut, New York, Oklahoma, and Washington made up the sample (N = 108,654). Administrative treatment data were linked to criminal justice data. The criminal justice outcome was defi ned as an arrest within a year after beginning treatment. Engagement is defi ned as receiving a treatment service within 14 days of beginning a new outpatient treatment episode and at least two additional services within the next 30 days. Two-step Heckman probit models and hierarchical time-to-event models were used in the analyses. Results: Black clients in New York and American Indian clients in Washington had signifi cantly lower likelihood of engagement than White clients. As moderators of engagement, race/ethnicity had inconsistent effects across states on the hazard of arrest. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic minority groups may benefi t from additional treatment support to reduce criminal justice involvement. States should examine whether disparities exist within their treatment system and incorporate disparities reduction in their quality improvement initiatives. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 57-67, 2015)

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“…Among adults, engagement in outpatient treatment is associated with improved substance use, employment, and criminal justice outcomes (Dunigan et al, 2014;Garnick et al, 2014;Harris et al, 2010). Among adolescents, those engaging in outpatient treatment had signifi cantly lower likelihoods of reporting substance use at follow-up .…”

Section: Performance Measures In Treatment For Substance Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After all exclusions, the fi nal analytic sample consisted of the following number of clients in each state: Connecticut = 5,666; New York = 86,476; Oklahoma = 8,105; Washington = 8,407 for the analysis predicting treatment engagement, and Connecticut = 5,191;New York = 85,210;Oklahoma = 7,777;Washington = 7,797 for the analysis predicting arrests. The proportion of exclusions varied by state (Connecticut = 29%, New York = 3%, Oklahoma = 39%, Washington = 11%) (see Garnick et al, 2014, for details on exclusions). Some variation within states by race/ethnicity also existed (e.g., a higher proportion of Blacks were excluded in Washington; in Oklahoma, a higher proportion of Whites were excluded).…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Measures and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Acevedo

¹

,

Garnick

²

,

Dunigan

³

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Objective: A limited literature on racial/ethnic disparities in the treatment of substance use disorders suggests that quality of treatment may differ based on client's race/ethnicity. This study examined whether (a) disparities exist in the probability of treatment engagement, a performance measure for substance use disorders, and (b) treatment engagement is associated with similar reductions in likelihood of arrest for Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians. Method: Adult clients who began an outpatient treatment episode in 2008 in public sector specialty treatment facilities in Connecticut, New York, Oklahoma, and Washington made up the sample (N = 108,654). Administrative treatment data were linked to criminal justice data. The criminal justice outcome was defi ned as an arrest within a year after beginning treatment. Engagement is defi ned as receiving a treatment service within 14 days of beginning a new outpatient treatment episode and at least two additional services within the next 30 days. Two-step Heckman probit models and hierarchical time-to-event models were used in the analyses. Results: Black clients in New York and American Indian clients in Washington had signifi cantly lower likelihood of engagement than White clients. As moderators of engagement, race/ethnicity had inconsistent effects across states on the hazard of arrest. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic minority groups may benefi t from additional treatment support to reduce criminal justice involvement. States should examine whether disparities exist within their treatment system and incorporate disparities reduction in their quality improvement initiatives. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 57-67, 2015)

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“…According to the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) model (Andrews & Bonta, 2010), treatment should be reserved for higher-risk groups of offenders (risk principle); focus on criminogenic needs (need principle); and be matched to individuals’ specific needs and other characteristics (responsivity principle). Indeed, SUD and other mental health treatment utilization has been shown to reduce recidivism risk among non-veterans (Cosden, Ellens, Schnell, Yamini-Diouf, & Wolfe, 2003; Garnick et al, 2014; Gumpert et al, 2010; Hiller, Knight, & Simpson, 1999) and veterans with criminal histories (Groppenbacher, Batzer, & White, 2003; Pandiani, Ochs, & Pomerantz, 2010). Engagement in SUD treatment has also been shown to improve outcomes such as employment (Dunigan et al, 2014) and stable housing (Gonzalez & Rosenheck, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminal Typology of Veterans Entering Substance Abuse Treatment

Schultz

¹

,

Blonigen

²

,

Finlay

³

et al. 2015

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Criminal justice involvement among veterans is a critical and timely concern, yet little is known about criminal histories and clinical characteristics among veterans seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). The present study examined criminal typology, clinical characteristics, treatment utilization, and 12-step mutual-help group (MHG) participation among veterans (N = 332) at intake to SUD treatment at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and 6 months and 1 year post-intake. Cluster analysis yielded three types of criminal histories mild—(78.9%), moderate (13.6%), and severe (7.5%)—distinguished by type of offense, number of convictions, and number of months incarcerated. At intake, participants with mild criminal histories reported more alcohol problems and fewer legal and employment problems than participants with moderate and severe criminal histories. Participants with severe criminal histories were most likely to attend a 12-step MHG meeting in the year post-intake, but all groups had high attendance. When only participants who had attended at least one meeting in the year post-intake were compared, participants with mild criminal histories worked more steps and were more involved in 12-step practices. All groups improved between baseline and follow-up and did not differ at follow-ups on substance use or other clinical outcomes. Multiple regressions identified treatment utilization and MHG attendance, but not baseline criminal history, as significant predictors of improved substance use problem severity at follow-up. Outpatient treatment and 12-step MHG attendance appear to be important components of recovery for veterans with varying criminal histories. Clinicians in SUD treatment programs should screen for criminal histories at treatment intake to ensure appropriate treatment planning.

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Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Performance Measures and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Performance Measures and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Performance Measures and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Criminal Typology of Veterans Entering Substance Abuse Treatment

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