Crimes of Globalization: The Feminization of HIV Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ezeonu, Ifeanyi; Koku, Emmanuel

doi:10.2979/gso.2008.2.2.112

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In this paper, I frame the role of and facilitation of corruption by IFIs as a form of 'crimes of globalization' [10,18,19,48,53], beginning with a short overview of the crimes of globalization literature. This is followed by a brief discussion of IFIs and their policies that have been linked to the facilitation of corruption and human rights violations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating corruption and human rights violations: the role of international financial institutions

Rothe

2010

Crime Law Soc Change

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The connection between corruption and the suppression of human rights has been recognized by scholars of human rights, state and state-corporate crime, nongovernmental organizations, the United Nations as well as various governments. Scrutiny of governmental and/or regime corruption has been a primary focus, in relation to barriers and/or violations of human rights. Additionally, multinational companies' complicity in corruptive policies and practices has raised concerns, in particular in the arms and natural resources sector. Glaringly absent, however, within the criminological literature are discussions of, and research on, the role of international financial institutions (IFIs) in relation to high levels of state corruption, save for the relatively little criminological research that has explored how cooperative endeavors between international financial institutions, transnational corporations, and states often result in demonstrably harmful activities as a result of structural adjustment policies. As such, it seems appropriate to consider how certain components and/or policies of IFIs facilitate rather than constrain corruptive practices by regimes, militias, paramilitaries, and transnational corporations. Such an exercise is not only important for its etiological contributions, but also to draw criminological attention to this phenomenon and because these organizations have stated a commitment to reducing state level corruption. I hope to extend the focus and insights of criminological analysis of crimes of globalization herein.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating corruption and human rights violations: the role of international financial institutions

Rothe

2010

Crime Law Soc Change

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“…Among those who survive, it seems "they often desperately seek alternative employment…men… migrate farther away from their families… [and] they patronize commercial sex workers, many of whom are HIV positive…" (Ezeonu 2008: 123). Conversely, while men engage in the purchase of sex, the neo-liberalization of Sub-Saharan African economies has pushed retrenched female workers into more vulnerable economic situations, many of who then resort to commercial sex work (Ezeonu 2008). Under this rubric of economic transformation, health care, specifically access and costs, has been re-envisioned (Ezeonu 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, while men engage in the purchase of sex, the neo-liberalization of Sub-Saharan African economies has pushed retrenched female workers into more vulnerable economic situations, many of who then resort to commercial sex work (Ezeonu 2008). Under this rubric of economic transformation, health care, specifically access and costs, has been re-envisioned (Ezeonu 2008). …”

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confidence: 99%

“…In doing so the individual is constituted as a rational actor, one that is extoled in opposition to the state and/or institutions with a historical mandate to protect the commons and greater society (Cheng 2013 (Ezeonu 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…and require that patients wait long periods of time as a result of fewer trained medical staff (Ezeonu 2008). …”

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confidence: 99%

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In Search of Safety, Negotiating Everyday Forms of Risk: Sex Work, Criminalization, and HIV/AIDS in the Slums of Kampala

Cruz¹

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Kazinda, who helped keep me safe, clean, and healthy in Makindye. I give special thanks to Beyonce, Hajarah, and Diana, for standing beside me even when it was uncertain if I would be able to continue. I am especially grateful for the assistance of Daisy, Rose, Sarah, Gloria, and George, who made it possible for my research to endure. Finally, the words on these pages have no meaning, no reality, and no substance without every woman and man, who chose to connect with me during the arduous fourteen months of primary data collection in Kampala, thank you, forevermore. The dissertation finds social networks and social capital provide the basis for community formation in the sex trade. It holds that these interpersonal processes are necessary components for how women manage daily risks associated with sex work and criminalization. However, the dissertation also finds that women's social connections can undermine the strategies they need to manage their HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.Consequently, the dissertation concludes that social connections undermine current HIV/AIDS policies because clinical HIV/AIDS interventions have been found to prioritize individual behavioral change practices that impair the complex interpersonal ix activities developed by women to stay alive. In response, this dissertation asserts that social networks are fundamental to the formation of sex work communities and to the survival of women in the sex trade and should be considered in future HIV policies and programs intending to intervene in the HIV epidemic of female commercial sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.x In order to develop a dissertation proposal it was important that I immerse myself, as much as possible, into the daily routines of the NGO. Doing so allowed me to cultivate ties with staff. These relationships offered a chance to attend outreaches at night. The combination of day and night visitations within the sex work areas provided a means of comparing and contrasting how women behaved in relation to the presence of men. My observations, in turn, began a series of internal questions concerning women's daily routines, their relationships with men and other women, and the resources they devise to counter explicit threats to their individual safety and security (gossip, coercive practices, jealousies, in-fighting, theft, police violence, abuse, and/or rape within their respective communities). I departed Uganda, with these thoughts in mind and eventually developed a successfully funded proposal that allowed me to move to Kampala on 2 June 2012. People, Policy, and PurposeUltimately, this dissertation is about policy. Specifically it is about the policy of HIV/AIDS relief in the East African context. Rather than beginning with an exploration of how HIV/AIDS policies impact people, this dissertation first describes how daily survival for women selling sex in Kampala has implications for policy designed to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. At its core the research of this dissertation is concerned women and men (i.e. names and cell ph...

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Market Criminology

Ezeonu¹

2019

The Handbook of White‐Collar Crime

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Crimes of Globalization: The Feminization of HIV Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Facilitating corruption and human rights violations: the role of international financial institutions

Facilitating corruption and human rights violations: the role of international financial institutions

In Search of Safety, Negotiating Everyday Forms of Risk: Sex Work, Criminalization, and HIV/AIDS in the Slums of Kampala

Market Criminology

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