Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia

Fereidouni, Mohammad; Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.; Pecor, David B.; Pshenichnaya, N.; Abuova, G.; Tishkova, Farida H.; Bumburidi, Yekaterina; Zeng, Xiankun; Kuhn, Jens H.; Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The earliest record of CCHFV reported in China could be traced back to an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in the southern XUAR in 1968, which was the reason that CCHFV was named Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in China ( Saijo, 2007 ). A study reported that more than 200 cases of CCHFV had occurred in China with more than 50 deaths as of 2003 ( Fereidouni et al, 2023 ). A population serologic study for CCHFV reported that seropositive cases could be found in northeastern, northwestern, and southern China, but no cases of human infection had been detected outside of XUAR ( Teng et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of species and geographic distribution of tick-borne viruses in China

Wu,

Zhou,

Mao

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionTick-borne pathogens especially viruses are continuously appearing worldwide, which have caused severe public health threats. Understanding the species, distribution and epidemiological trends of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) is essential for disease surveillance and control.MethodsIn this study, the data on TBVs and the distribution of ticks in China were collected from databases and literature. The geographic distribution of TBVs in China was mapped based on geographic locations of viruses where they were prevalent or they were detected in vector ticks. TBVs sequences were collected from The National Center for Biotechnology Information and used to structure the phylogenetic tree.ResultsEighteen TBVs from eight genera of five families were prevalent in China. Five genera of ticks played an important role in the transmission of TBVs in China. According to phylogenetic analysis, some new viral genotypes, such as the Dabieshan tick virus (DTV) strain detected in Liaoning Province and the JMTV strain detected in Heilongjiang Province existed in China.DiscussionTBVs were widely distributed but the specific ranges of viruses from different families still varied in China. Seven TBVs belonging to the genus Orthonairovirus of the family Nairoviridae such as Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) clustered in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and northeastern areas of China. All viruses of the family Phenuiviridae except Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) were novel viruses that appeared in the last few years, such as Guertu virus (GTV) and Tacheng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2). They were mainly distributed in the central plains of China. Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) was distributed in at least fourteen provinces and had been detected in more than ten species of tick such as Rhipicephalus microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornis, which had the widest distribution and the largest number of vector ticks among all TBVs. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and Lymphatic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were two potential TBVs in Northeast China that could cause serious diseases in humans or animals. Ixodes persulcatus carried the highest number of TBVs, followed by Dermacentor nuttalli and H. longicornis. They could carry as many as ten TBVs. Three strains of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) from Inner Mongolia Province clustered with ones from Russia, Japan and Heilongjiang Province, respectively. Several SFTSV strains from Zhejiang Province clustered with strains from Korea and Japan. Specific surveillance of dominant TBVs should be established in different areas in China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of species and geographic distribution of tick-borne viruses in China

Wu,

Zhou,

Mao

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…There have been emerging signs that CCHFV is expanding into new territories such as Western Europe, which may be facilitated by emergence of favorable ecological environment driven by climate change and introduction of infected ticks by migratory birds or livestock trade [1,4,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. In recent years there has been a trend of rising global incidence of CCHFV infections, with greatly increasing case numbers reported from several major endemic countries, demonstrating an imminent public health impact of this re-emerging virus [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing host responses, extensive viral dissemination and long-term viral RNA persistence in domestic sheep experimentally infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Kosovo Hoti

Li,

Pinette,

Smith

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne, biosafety level 4 pathogen often causing a fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans (CCHF). Although the virus is believed to be maintained in a tick-vertebrate-tick ecological cycle involving numerous wild and domestic animal species, the biology of CCHFV infection in these animals is far from clearly understood. Old experimental infection studies, remaining to be validated with modern laboratory methods, were largely based on CCHFV strains of unknown pathogenicity and limited to the observation of viremia. Here, domestic sheep are challenged with CCHFV Kosovo Hoti, a highly pathogenic clinical isolate increasingly utilized in current research. Despite a lack of prominent signs of disease, the infection demonstrates an acute viremia with coinciding viral shedding, high fever and makers for potential impairment in liver and kidney functions. The immune response is characterized by an early reduction of neutrophil recruitment and its chemoattractant, IL-8, in the blood stream, while neutrophil infiltration and elevated IL-8 are features of fatal CCHFV infections reported in immunodeficient mice and humans. Several inflammatory cytokines, which are predictive indicators of mortality in humans and have potential to cause vascular dysfunction, a primary hallmark of severe CCHF, are down-regulated or restricted from increase. Of particular interest, the detection of CCHFV RNA in a variety of organ tissues long after the acute phase of infection, while indicating a widespread viral dissemination in the host, suggests a potentially long-term persisting impact of CCHFV infection. Consistent with this, antibody responses exhibit features reminiscent of recurring antigenic boost, and a prolonged fever or late fever spike correlates with high levels of viral RNA persistence. These findings reveal previously unrecognized aspects of CCHFV biology in animals and highlight the need for extended experimental infection studies.

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