Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks from Imported Livestock, Egypt

Chisholm, Kerryn; Dueger, Erica; Fahmy, N. T.; Samaha, Hamed A.; Zayed, Alia; Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud S.; Villinski, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.3201/eid1801.111071

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, a previously undocumented variant of CCHFV was identified in ticks collected from five camels within this same study (Chisholm et al 2011), although these ticks may have fed on different animals before transferring to unexposed animals sampled in this study. The sample size in the current study is also low compared to previous studies, although geographic or temporal variations between the studies may also account for the differences in antibody levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Serosurvey for Zoonotic Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Among Slaughtered Livestock in Egypt

Horton

Wasfy

Samaha

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Introduction Zoonotic diseases are an important cause of human morbidity and mortality. Animal populations at locations with high risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens offer an opportunity to study viral and bacterial pathogens of veterinary and public health concern. Methods Blood samples were collected from domestic and imported livestock slaughtered at the Muneeb abattoir in central Egypt in 2009. Samples were collected from cattle (n = 161), buffalo (n = 153), sheep (n = 174), and camels (n = 10). Samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira spp. by a microscopy agglutination test, Coxiella burnetii by enzyme immunoassay, Brucella spp. by standard tube agglutination, and Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), and sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were identified in 64 (40%) cattle, 45 (29%) buffalo, 71 (41%) sheep, and five (50%) camels; antibodies against C. burnetii in six (4%) buffalo, 14 (8%) sheep, and seven (70%) camels; and antibodies against Brucella spp. in 12 (8%) cattle, one (1%) buffalo, seven (4%) sheep, and one (10%) camel. Antibodies against RVFV were detected in two (1%) cattle and five (3%) buffalo, and antibodies against CCHFV in one (1%) cow. No antibodies against SFSV or SFNV were detected in any species. Discussion Results indicate that livestock have been exposed to a number of pathogens, although care must be taken with interpretation. It is not possible to determine whether antibodies against Leptospira spp. and RVFV in cattle and buffalo are due to prior vaccination or natural exposure. Similarly, antibodies identified in animals less than 6 months of age may be maternal antibodies transferred through colostrum rather than evidence of prior exposure. Results provide baseline evidence to indicate that surveillance within animal populations may be a useful tool to monitor the circulation of pathogens of veterinary and public health concern in Egypt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Serosurvey for Zoonotic Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Among Slaughtered Livestock in Egypt

Horton

Wasfy

Samaha

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…These areas have similar climates to the hot and dry eastern parts of the country where studied camels were sourced. Because H. dromedarii is not a host-specific species and its roll in transmission of Theileria annulata and CCHFV has been revealed (Chisholm et al 2012); therefore, it can be a potential threat for cattle and public health. The climatic changes induced by global warming can increase the distribution of this tick species and modify the epidemiology and control strategies of tropical theileriosis drastically (Salem et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of tick infestation in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) brought for slaughter in Mashhad abattoir, Iran

Moshaverinia

Moghaddas

2013

J Parasit Dis

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This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of tick infestation and identify tick species that parasitize dromedary camels. Since April 2012 through March 2013, a total of 400 camels that brought for slaughter in Mashhad abattoir were examined for tick infestation. Out of the total 400 camels examined, 237 were infested and annual prevalence of tick infestation 59.25 % (95 % CI 54-64) was calculated. The higher prevalence rates were found in the summer and spring, especially the summer that prevalence rate was the highest. A total of 1,122 ticks were collected from the infested camels and identified by stereomicroscopy. Hyalomma dromedarii was the predominant tick species and comprised 70.76 % of the collected ticks. The frequency of other species was as follows: H. excavatum (19.25 %), H. anatolicum (4.81 %), H. asiaticum (4.72 %), Rhipicephalus turanicus (0.17 %), H. detritum (0.09 %), H. impeltatum (0.09 %) and H. schulzei (0.09 %). Based on the results of present study, it is concluded that camels mostly harbor Hyalomma spp. The species of this genus are the most notorious ticks for transmission of human and animal diseases. Therefore, appropriate tick control measures need to be employed and pour-on method for acaricide application is suggested because this method is fast, easy and suitable for use by camel owners in deserts.

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“…This may result in the introduction of CCHFV reservoir or vector species, as was the case with the report of adult Hyalomma spp. on a horse imported to England [71]; or the movement of CCHFV-infected ticks [72]. …”

Section: Expansion By Movement Of Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and expansion from endemic regions

Spengler

Bergeron

Spiropoulou

2019

Current Opinion in Virology

106

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a virus-mediated hemorrhagic disease that occurs over a wide geographic region. In recent years, a variety of active and passive surveillance networks have improved our knowledge of areas with existing circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of CCHF. These investigations aid in better defining the distribution of the virus. Expansion of a virus into new areas can occur through a variety of means, including introduction of infected humans, vectors, or animals. Here, these potential contributors to expansion of CCHFV into neighboring countries and geographically distant locations are reviewed, and the likelihood and possible implications of these events, based on known characteristics of the virus and its natural maintenance and transmission cycles are explored. Furthermore, this report discusses limitations in the currently described distribution of CCHFV, and the challenges in assessing viral circulation identified in a new region as geographic expansion of the virus.

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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks from Imported Livestock, Egypt

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Serosurvey for Zoonotic Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Among Slaughtered Livestock in Egypt

Serosurvey for Zoonotic Viral and Bacterial Pathogens Among Slaughtered Livestock in Egypt

Prevalence of tick infestation in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) brought for slaughter in Mashhad abattoir, Iran

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and expansion from endemic regions

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