Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southeast of Iran

Alavi-Naini, Roya; Moghtaderi, Ali; Koohpayeh, Hamid-Reza; Sharifi-Mood, Batool; Naderi, Mohammad; Metanat, Maliheh; Izadi, Morteza

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.07.015

Cited by 75 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The most common complaints reported in the literature are fever, fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, and myalgia 16,23,[32][33][34] . Approximately 25% of affected patients in Turkey show hemorrhagic findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bolu, Turkey

Duran¹,

Küçükbayrak²,

Ocak³

et al. 2013

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which is associated with a high mortality rate in the Black Sea region of Turkey, has received increasing attention. Objective: In this study, the epidemiological features, clinical and laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with CCHF between 2006 and 2012 based on data obtained from the Bolu Provincial Directorate of Health (BPDH) were evaluated. Methods: BPDH data were reviewed for the period between 1 January 2006 and 31 July 2012. The locations where the tick had attached to the patient, the site of the tick bite on the patient's body, the dates of tick bite and removal, and the demographic characteristics of each patient were recorded. BPDH data on the total number of tick bites, patients with confirmed CCHF, and deaths due to CCHF in Bolu Province during the study period were also evaluated. Results: A total of 46 patients with CCHF and 38 patients without CCHF but who had been bitten by ticks were admitted to the BPDH. Of the patients with CCHF, 54.3% were female. The mean age of the patients was 46.88 ± 2.05 years (range, 1-79 years). The mortality rate was 8.82%. Patients were predominantly observed in June and July. When the patients were distributed according to their occupations, the majority was houswife (48.6%), followed by animal husbandry worker (27.0%), farmer (10.8%), health worker (5.4%), and other (8.1%). The symptoms of the patients with CCHF included fatigue (60.9%), fever (60.9%), and myalgia (60.9%). Of those patients with CCHF, 41.3% were determined to have a high fever. Conclusions: The probability of developing CCHF decreased as the duration of tick attachment increased. Moreover, although the clinical presentation is important, it is not diagnostic. Physical examination and laboratory findings become more specific in later stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with CCHF may develop fever, bleeding, and death. Although CCHF had been previously reported in Bulgaria, Iran, and Iraq, no case of CCHF was reported in Turkey until 2002 [4][5][6] . PubMed CCHF emerged first in Tokat and Sivas and subsequently spread to other areas 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bolu, Turkey

Duran¹,

Küçükbayrak²,

Ocak³

et al. 2013

Afr H. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As the increased numbers of CCHF patients seen during the past decade have made larger comparisons possible, investigators have generally found that ribavirin is beneficial, so long as it is initiated early in the course of illness (Mardani et al, 2003;Ergonul et al, 2004;Alavi-Naini et al, 2006). (Tasdelen Fisgin et al, 2009).…”

Section: Ribavirinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

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Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

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“…Since 1999 Iranian Ministry of Health reported the disease mostly from Sistan-Balouchestan, Isfahan and Golestan provinces in Iran [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Serum Ferritin Level Predict Disease Severity in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever?

Metanat

Sharifi-Mood

Tabatabaei

et al. 2013

EAJM

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Objective: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute viral disease. Several factors have already been suggested to explain the pathogenesis as well as predict the disease severity. In our study we aim to investigate the role of serum ferritin level as a possible predicting factor of disease severity in these patients. Materials and Methods:We evaluated all patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosis of CCHF who were admitted to Boo-Ali Hospital of Zahedan from May 2011 to June 2012. Confirmation of the disease determined using the presence of anti-CCHFV IgM in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). After ethical approval, patients were categorized into two groups of mild and severe disease according to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) severity using the scoring system of International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) . Serum ferritin levels were evaluated and compared between these two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the optimal cutoff value of serum ferritin for predicting the disease severity.Results: A total of 42 patients (36 men, 6 women, age range: 17-78 years) were included in this study, of whom 38% had Persian and 62% had Baloch ethnicity. According to DIC severity score, 54.7% of the patients had severe disease and 45.3% had mild disease. The area under the ROC curve was 0.896 and 95% CI was 0.801-0.991 (p<0.0001). A cut-off point of 1060 ng/dL, had a sensitivity of 78.9%, a specificity of 87%, a positive predictive value of 6% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Positive and negative likelihood ratios for this serum ferritin level were 6.05 and 0.24, respectively. Conclusion:Increased serum ferritin level has a significant positive correlation with disease severity in patients with CCHF and can evaluate the prognosis of these patients with a high sensitivity and specificity.Key Words: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, disease severity, ferritin Bulgular:Toplam 42 hasta (36 erkek, 6 kadın, yaş aralığı: 17-78 yıl olmak üzere) bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir, hastaların %38 Pers ve %62 Baloch etnik grubuna dahildir. DIC şiddet skoruna göre, hastaların %54.7 ciddi ve %45.3 'ü hafif olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. ROC eğrisi altında kalan alan 0.896 ve %95 CI 0.801-0.991 (p değeri <0.05) bulunmuştur. 1.060 ng/dL bir kesim noktası %78.9 bir duyarlılık, %87 özgüllük, %6 bir pozitif prediktif değer ve %100 bir negatif prediktif değer tespit edilmiştir. Bu serum ferritin düzeyi için pozitif ve negative olabilirlik oranları sırasıyla 6.05 ve 0.24 olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Artmış serum ferritin düzeyi KKKA hastalarında hastalık şid-deti ile anlamlı pozitif korelasyona sahiptir ve bu hastalarda prognozu yüksek bir duyarlılık ve özgüllük ile gösterebilir.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southeast of Iran

Cited by 75 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bolu, Turkey

Evaluation of patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Bolu, Turkey

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Can Serum Ferritin Level Predict Disease Severity in Patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever?

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