Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever and Eid‐Ul‐Adha: A potential threat during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Ahmad, Abrar; Misbah, Shahzadi; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Khan, Yusra Habib

doi:10.1002/jmv.26388

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Another major tick-borne zoonotic disease in Pakistan is CCHF and only a few studies have detected this virus in blood (1%, 8/800) and ticks (3.8%, 20/525) collected from sheep [ 61 ], and specific antibodies in sheep (18.6–32.5%) and goats (4.6–18.9%) [ 32 , 35 ]. In Pakistan, the incidence of CCHF is usually higher in urban areas before Eid-ul-Adha when people slaughter animals as a religious ritual [ 90 , 92 ]. Moreover, it is believed that the last two decades of the Afghan war also resulted in a large influx of refugees along with their livestock, leading to an increase in CCHF cases [ 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the limited understanding of spatio-temporal epidemiology of ticks of small ruminants in Pakistan, no regular tick control program is followed [14]. During the last decade, due to increasing cases of CCHF infections in humans, event-based tick control campaigns (known as anti-Congo campaign) were launched every year by the provincial governments just before Eid-ul-Adha-a religious festival of Muslims when they slaughter animals at their homes [90][91][92]. Additionally, sporadic campaigns are also common during the summer season.…”

Section: Control Of Ticks In Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDis) are a major constraint to the health and production of small ruminants in Pakistan. Despite being the subject of intermittent studies over the past few decades, comprehensive information on the epidemiology and control of TTBDis is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the current knowledge on TTBDis of small ruminants in Pakistan. Critical appraisal of the selected 71 articles published between 1947 to 2020 revealed that morphological examination had been the most widely used method for the identification of TTBDis in Pakistan. Tick fauna comprise at least 40 species, mainly belonging to Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The prevalence of ticks is the highest in summer (June–September) and it is also higher in goats than sheep. Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria spp. are the major tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), and their prevalence is usually higher in sheep than goats. Spatio-temporal distribution, genetic diversity and control of ticks and TBPs of small ruminants as well as the competence of tick vectors for various TBPs remain to be explored. Therefore, coordinated and focused investigations are required to fill knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise the health, production and welfare of small ruminants and minimise economic losses associated with TTBDis in Pakistan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Of Ticks In Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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“…Unfortunately, the present situation represents a poor situation for mitigating such a severe pandemic (Butt, Ahmad, Misbah, Mallhi, & Khan, 2020). In case of an outpouring of COVID-19 cases, Pakistan faces a very hygienic situation like Italy and Iran.…”

Section: Figure 4: Provides Information About the Health Recourses And Trained Human Resources In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management during and after Covid-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Quantitative Study

Iqbal

Hasnain

2021

iRASD J. Manag.

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The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health resources are not sufficient for the population of Pakistan and in an emergency situation like COVID-19, the present data shows the painful condition. There is an urgent requirement of new nurses and medical students. The province Punjab has the highest capacity of beds ranging 45% among the total resources of beds in Pakistan which are 132663 including both dispensaries and public hospitals. According to the literature, only 1650 ventilators are working in Pakistan for such a huge population. The Government took a step toward the healthcare and imported 10000 ventilators from China and also started making their own ventilators in Lahore. After the complete review of the corona situation, the Education Ministry of Pakistan decided to reopen schools on 16 Sep, 2020. At that time, daily reported new cases were 400-300. But later on 26 Nov, 2020, schools were again closed by Education Ministry of Pakistan, because the daily reported new cases reached at more than 2000. The E-learning is powerful tool for achieving the educational goal during the COVID-19. All the educational institutes around world started online classes. The proper management by the Government of Pakistan to tackle the pandemic is to be admired in these difficult times.

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“…An additional 2 reports from Pakistan focused on the potential threat of CCHF due to mass gatherings during the Eid al Adha holiday. 8,9 However, there is no evidence that CCHF cases increased following Eid al Adha in Turkey. One observational study noted increased CCHF cases after the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020 compared to previous years in eastern region of Turkey.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review

Özaras¹,

Dilek

Sünbül

et al. 2021

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever and Eid‐Ul‐Adha: A potential threat during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Management during and after Covid-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Quantitative Study

Association between Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review

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