Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An update

Fillâtre, Pierre; Revest, Matthieu; Tattevin, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2019.09.005

Cited by 79 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…These activities are mostly performed by men in the countries the most at risk, as in the Middle East. This gender difference varies between countries depending on the participation of women in agricultural work [ 2 , 16 ]. In opposition to that, in the study conducted in Greece, it is identified that the female gender is risky in terms of CCHF [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CCHF is currently endemic in about 50 countries in Europe, Africa, and Asia, with seroprevalence ranging within 0.1–14.4% in the general population, 16.5–30.3% in at-risk professionals, and 18.5–85% in patient-related populations [ 1 ]. The fatality of the disease changes from region to region in the world; however, it is reported as 5–30% [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Çıtıl

Eğri

Önder

et al. 2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Objectives. Turkey is one of the countries that has the most cases of CCHF in recent years among the endemic countries. The disease also poses an important health threat with high mortality rate. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CCHF in adults aged ≥20 years in Tokat in the endemic region, Turkey. Methods. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 85 Family Medicine Units (FMUs), from over 170 in Tokat, were randomly selected using 50% sampling. The sample size was determined among the subjects aged ≥20 who registered with the FMUs, due to gender, age group, and the urban/rural population size of Tokat using the stratified cluster sampling method. Subjects were invited to the FMUs. A questionnaire was performed face to face. The blood samples were taken, and anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA method. Results. 1272 (54.9%) out of 2319 participants were female, and the mean age was 47.3 ± 15.3. Anti-CCHFV IgG seropositivity was 5.6% (n = 130). Seropositivity rates in terms of adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were higher 2.53 times (95% CI: 1.57–4.08; p = 0.001 ) in males; 4.05 (95% CI: 2.14–7.65; p < 0.001 ) in age group ≥65; 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14–0.76; p < 0.001 ) in graduates of high school and above; 0.71 (95%CI: 0.33–1.52; p < 0.001 ) in ones with good income; 1.84 (95%CI: 1.18–2.86; p < 0.001 ) in farmers; 1.64 (95% CI: 1.04–2.27; p < 0.001 ) in people dealing with animal husbandry; and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.03–2.29; p < 0.001 ) in those with history of tick contact. Conclusions. CCHF seroprevalence is still a common public health problem in Tokat, Turkey. Male gender, advanced age group, low-educated, low-income, farmers, animal husbandry, and history of tick contact were found to be risk factors for CCHF. The importance of this kind of community-based studies to identify the seroprevalence in regional and national level increases even more.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Çıtıl

Eğri

Önder

et al. 2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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“…47,48 Still, as currently neither specific nor broad-spectrum drugs are available for many RNA virus infections, RBV often is the only available option in cases of severe disease or epidemic scenarios. For instance, RBV is used for treating viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by Lassa [49][50][51] or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus 52 ; all the while its efficacy remains uncertain. 46 Further, RBV's mechanism of action is still extensively discussed [53][54][55] and appears to differ for different viruses and under different experimental settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Targeting viral genome synthesis as broad-spectrum approach against RNA virus infections

Huchting

2020

Antivir Chem Chemother

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Zoonotic spillover, i.e. pathogen transmission from animal to human, has repeatedly introduced RNA viruses into the human population. In some cases, where these viruses were then efficiently transmitted between humans, they caused large disease outbreaks such as the 1918 flu pandemic or, more recently, outbreaks of Ebola and Coronavirus disease. These examples demonstrate that RNA viruses pose an immense burden on individual and public health with outbreaks threatening the economy and social cohesion within and across borders. And while emerging RNA viruses are introduced more frequently as human activities increasingly disrupt wild-life eco-systems, therapeutic or preventative medicines satisfying the “one drug-multiple bugs”-aim are unavailable. As one central aspect of preparedness efforts, this review digs into the development of broadly acting antivirals via targeting viral genome synthesis with host- or virus-directed drugs centering around nucleotides, the genomes’ universal building blocks. Following the first strategy, selected examples of host de novo nucleotide synthesis inhibitors are presented that ultimately interfere with viral nucleic acid synthesis, with ribavirin being the most prominent and widely used example. For directly targeting the viral polymerase, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues (NNAs) have long been at the core of antiviral drug development and this review illustrates different molecular strategies by which NNAs inhibit viral infection. Highlighting well-known as well as recent, clinically promising compounds, structural features and mechanistic details that may confer broad-spectrum activity are discussed. The final part addresses limitations of NNAs for clinical development such as low efficacy or mitochondrial toxicity and illustrates strategies to overcome these.

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“…The CCHF virus ranks as the second most widely distributed virus among haemorrhagic fever viruses, after dengue virus (Dowall et al, 2016), and is considered to cause an emerging disease CCHF. CCHF is reported from Asia, the Middle East, Mediterranean, Africa, and inflating areas of south-eastern Europe (Fillâtre et al, 2019). The increase in number of the tick vectors and reservoirs (Hyalomma species) because of climate change and modernised agricultural techniques have resulted in the virus becoming endemic in many regions of world where only sporadic cases were known to exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Characterisation of suspected Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases in a public sector hospital Islamabad’

Noreen¹,

Saima

Irum

et al. 2020

Global Security: Health, Science and Policy

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Pakistan has been experiencing a continuous rise in the incidence of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Sporadic cases of CCHF are reported from rural areas of Punjab, Azad Jammu Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and neighbouring Afghanistan where cattle herding is common. The objective of this paper was to describe the epidemiology of CCHF. A descriptive study was carried out in the CCHF isolation ward in Islamabad in a tertiary care hospital from February to November 2018. Using a standardised case definition, all patients admitted in the isolation ward with clinical evidence of CCHF were included in the study. After taking the informed consent, data were collected on demographic factors, history of animal contact, tick-bite history, co-morbidity, laboratory results and treatment outcome. Data were analysed as per time, place and person. During the study period, 40 suspected CCHF patients were admitted in the isolation ward, 32 (80%) males were affected. Mean age of the cases was 33.5 years (range 13-70 years). Most affected 17 (42.5%) age group was 20-29 years. Animal contact history was found in Thirty-seven (92.5%) of cases and 28 (70%) with tick bites. Most of the cases, 26 (65%), were reported from July to August. Forty patients in this study were tested by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 20 (50%) were positive, out of which 6(30%) expired. Majority of the positive patients were animal handlers by occupation (37.5%). Proper personal protective equipment was available. The reference laboratory facility was not available for immediate investigations was sent to National Institute of Health for confirmation. The overall results show the important risk factors for CCHF a history of tick bites, high-risk occupations and having contact with livestock. Public health measures should focus on preventing tick bites, increasing awareness of CCHF signs and symptoms, timely investigation, and treatment to reduce mortality. Our analyses recommend the government to set up isolation units in all major hospitals, and proper surveillance system.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: An update

Cited by 79 publications

References 154 publications

Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Targeting viral genome synthesis as broad-spectrum approach against RNA virus infections

‘Characterisation of suspected Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases in a public sector hospital Islamabad’

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