Crime prevalence and frequency among Danish outlaw bikers

Klement, Christian

doi:10.1080/14043858.2016.1240420

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Overall the results show a substantial degree of co-offending among OMCG affiliates. These findings further support the role of OMCGs, in a very general sense, as important facilitators of crime, and particularly co-offending, by bringing together large numbers of criminally inclined men into consolidated formal and informal networks (Klement 2016a(Klement , b, 2019. In this sense, they also provide some justification for legislative and policing regimes which target or exploit the organisational structures of OMCGs underpinning these networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Blokland et al (2020) found that over 85% of OMCG members in the Netherlands had been convicted of a crime at least once and that such convictions appear to be consistent with participation in organised criminal activity. OMCG membership has also been found to increase the risk of involvement in crime (Klement 2016a(Klement , b, 2019 and offending among OMCG members has been shown to be more prevalent, more frequent and more serious compared with motorcycle owners who are not members of OMCGs (Blokland et al 2019). Critically, there is evidence of an increasing prevalence of young members with recorded histories of crime, and especially violent crime (Lauchs 2017;Voce et al 2021;Van Dueren et al 2020).…”

Section: Outlaw Motorcycle Gangsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-offending networks among members of outlaw motorcycle gangs across types of crime

et al. 2022

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Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) have become synonymous with organised crime through engagement in criminal activities including illicit drug production and distribution, firearms trafficking, and serious violent crime. These crimes contribute significant social and economic harms in countries that feature a presence from these groups. The current paper uses network analytics to analyse the extent of co-offending within and across established clubs in Australia, including the relative involvement of senior, or office bearing, members. The majority of affiliates in this sample co-offended with another OMCG affiliate within the sample period, with office bearers, members, nominees and associates represented proportionally among co-offending networks to in the sample at large. However, within these clubs, criminal activities were conducted in small cliques or components of affiliates. This research supports the role of OMCGs as important facilitators of crime, and the role of co-offending in the criminal offending of affiliates. The findings hold important implications for understanding how offending is organised among OMCGs, differences between groups, differing levels of engagement from the club hierarchy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Outlaw Motorcycle Gangsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-offending networks among members of outlaw motorcycle gangs across types of crime

et al. 2022

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“…This is evident in the latest goal and performance contract ( mål-og resultatkontrakt ) where the effective and efficient handling of cases accounts for 30% of the overall review, other focus areas being the handling of crime close to the citizens (25%), organized crime (22.5%), and an effective police (22.5%; Justitsministeriet, 2018). The efficient handling of the many drug cases clearly affects the first performance goal and also factors into the focus on organized crime, drug trafficking being one of the main sources of income for Danish gangs (Klement, 2016; Moeller, 2017). Due to the prevalence of drug cases, effectively and efficiently handling them is important for the entire police and prosecution service and its ability to meet output-based performance goals.…”

Section: The Global/danish War On Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consolidating this role as national experts, the unit has also played a major role in the turf war that characterized the streets of Copenhagen. The conflict between established biker groups (Klement, 2016(Klement, , 2019 and new constellations of inner city gangs (Mørck et al, 2013;Pedersen, 2014) that began in 2008 led to multiple shootings and about 10 killings. Such body counts are unusual in Denmark.…”

Section: The Spoc In the National Investigation Centrementioning

confidence: 99%

Stacked Fields of Criminal Justice: The National Embeddedness of Transnational Policing

Christensen

2021

International Criminal Justice Review

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This article investigates how transnational policing is structured by the embeddedness of participating police units in national fields of criminal justice. Empirically, the analysis zooms in on the embeddedness and positionality of three different Danish police units that frequently engage in transnational cooperation. Positioned differently in the national field of criminal justice, these units have distinct capacities with regard to mobilizing and deploying material and symbolic resources and, consequently, have distinct modes of engagement with transnational policing. Conceptually expanding this insight to capture the structure of transnational policing more generally, this article develops the concept of “stacked fields” to capture how transnational cooperation and power relations are formatted by the national, institutional, and positional embeddedness of participating police units and agents.

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“…The National Police claim to remove people from the database after two years if they are not suspected of any new crimes [60]. This is, however, only relevant for gang members because the National Police consider an outlaw motorcycle club affiliation as sufficient reason for PID registration.…”

Section: Two Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outlaw biker violence and retaliation

Klement

2019

PLoS ONE

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The number of outlaw bikers is growing globally. Despite this, little research exists on these groups and their alleged violent tendencies. To address this, the current paper uses unique data to examine whether gang violence causes outlaw biker violence. The period examined runs from mid-2008 until early 2012 during which violent clashes occurred between outlaw bikers and street gang members involved in an alleged conflict in Copenhagen, Denmark. A precise description of each individual act of violence would make it possible to identify whether specific acts were carried out in furtherance of the alleged conflict. This would allow one to determine whether outlaw bikers commit violence on behalf of their club. However, such knowledge is unavailable. The paper therefore takes a different approach by examining whether acts of violence committed by the two groups are statistically associated. In other words, it considers whether one or more acts can be described as retaliatory during the observation periods. The sample consists of 640 individuals involved with the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club or with non-biker street gangs–both of which are present in Copenhagen. Statistical models are used to predict 143 violent events committed by 196 outlaw bikers. The results suggest that violence committed by gang members predicts violence committed by outlaw bikers. This indicates that violent acts committed by outlaw bikers are at least partly a form of retaliation carried out on behalf of their club. The paper expands the literature on the kinds of inter-group, micro-level processes that can lead to reciprocal violence by including outlaw bikers in a literature that has previously focused on non-biker street gangs.

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Crime prevalence and frequency among Danish outlaw bikers

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Co-offending networks among members of outlaw motorcycle gangs across types of crime

Co-offending networks among members of outlaw motorcycle gangs across types of crime

Stacked Fields of Criminal Justice: The National Embeddedness of Transnational Policing

Outlaw biker violence and retaliation

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