Crime, Imprisonment and Poverty

Workman, Kim; McIntosh, Tracey

doi:10.7810/9781927131510_8

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…People who are newly-released from prison are often reliant on temporary, emergency, or inadequate accommodation (such as poor-quality boarding houses), and are vulnerable to added discrimination and lack of opportunities. In New Zealand, consistent with many examples internationally (Jeffries & Bond, 2012), the indigenous Māori population is over-represented in those incarcerated, with around 51% of the prison population being Māori compared to 15% of the total population8(Department of Corrections, 2018; Workman & McIntosh, 2013). Moreover, Māori are over-represented at all stages of the justice system, including being apprehended, prosecuted, and convicted at higher rates (Morrison, 2009; Statistics New Zealand, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Service usage by a New Zealand Housing First cohort prior to being housed.

Pierse

Ombler

White

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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: Background The Ending Homelessness in New Zealand: Housing First research programme is evaluating outcomes for people housed in a Housing First programme run by The People's Project in Hamilton, New Zealand. This baseline results paper uses administrative data to look at the scope and duration of their interactions with government services. Methods We linked our de-identified cohort to the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). This database contains administrative data on most services provided by the New Zealand Government to citizens. Linkage rates in all datasets were above 90%. This paper reports on the use of government services by the cohort before being housed. We focus on the domains of health, justice and income support. Results The cohort of 390 people had over 200,000 recorded interactions across a range of services in their lifetime. The most common services were health, justice and welfare. The homeless cohort had used the services at rates far in excess of the general population. Unfortunately these did not prevent them from becoming homeless. Conclusion These preliminary findings show the homeless population have important service delivery needs and a very high level of interaction with government services. This highlights the importance of analysing the contributing factors towards homelessness; for evaluation of interventions such as Housing First, and for understanding the need for integrated systems of government policy and practice to prevent homelessness. This paper also provides the baseline for post-Housing First evaluations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Service usage by a New Zealand Housing First cohort prior to being housed.

Pierse

Ombler

White

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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“…In such a setting, marginalized groups, like Māori, are more likely to be "stigmatized, blamed and punished for their supposed failings" (Workman & McIntosh, 2013). Liu (2007) partially blames punitive responses toward Māori who could not compete in the free market as a cause of the high proportion of Māori in the prison system.…”

Section: How Did We Get To This Point?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutionalizing Restorative Justice in New Zealand's Criminal Justice System: Gains, Losses and Challenges for the Future

Shank¹

2021

Preprint

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Restorative justice has played a paradoxical role in the New Zealand criminal justice system. One the one hand, over the past thirty years restorative justice has steadily gained public recognition and received institutional support through judicial endorsements and legislative provisions. In many respects New Zealand has been at the global forefront of incorporating restorative justice processes into the criminal justice system. This, in the hope that restorative justice might improve justice outcomes for victims, offenders and society at large. Yet despite such institutional support for restorative justice, the outcomes of the mainstream justice system have not substantially improved. Ironically, many of the same statutory provisions that enabled restorative justice included punitive provisions that served to tighten the reins of the carceral state. The New Zealand prison population is currently one of the highest in the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the downstream consequences of which have been devastating for those impacted, and particularly for Māori. Openly acknowledging that the existing justice system is “broken,” the government launched a criminal justice reform program in 2018 to consider a range of options that might contribute to fundamental change. Initial feedback elicited as part of the process calls for a more holistic and transformative approach to criminal justice. Notably this is what restorative justice, at its best, claims to deliver. However, the New Zealand criminal justice system appears to lack such transformative aims and the role of restorative justice in driving institutional change in the future remains to be seen. This thesis examines the institutional paradox of restorative justice in New Zealand. It explores how and why restorative justice originally became an established part of the criminal justice system and what impact it has had on the system of which it has become a part. Drawing on institutional theory, it assesses how far restorative justice institutionalization has progressed, the factors that have facilitated it and the barriers that have impeded it. Finally, it identifies ways in which restorative justice, when institutionalized through principles, policy, law and practice, can make a more lasting impact for those whom the justice system is intended to serve. Within restorative justice literature, both those who commend institutionalization and those who oppose it highlight problems caused by “isomorphic incompatibility” between the mainstream adversarial system and restorative justice. This thesis argues that while foundational tensions exist between the two approaches, such tensions are not insurmountable. Simplifications or exaggerations of incompatibility overlook important similarities and confluences between the two approaches. Confronting such institutional “myths” is necessary if isomorphic combability is to occur. These claims are illustrated through an examination of sexual violence. The pressing problem of responding well to sexual violence illustrates how isomorphic alignment, through careful integration of restorative principles and practices into the criminal justice system, can enable the state to fulfil its responsibilities of ensuring societal safety and protecting the rule of law in ways that better meet victims’ distinct justice needs and the best interests of all stakeholders.

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“…In both countries, prison growth has been closely linked to neoliberal restructuring and concentrated in the communities worst impacted by welfare cutbacks and declining working-class employment (Cavadino & Dignan, 2006, pp. 77–91; Workman & McIntosh, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

The globalization of American criminal justice: The New Zealand Case

Martin

2017

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology

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The international influence of American criminal justice policy has been a central focus of research on policy transfer and comparative penology. With scholars divided between those emphasizing international convergence around United States policy, and others stressing ongoing American exceptionalism, it has become important to trace the extent of this influence not only across different countries but within particular national contexts. This article examines the impact of American criminal justice policy in New Zealand. I present three case studies exploring developments in different arms of the criminal justice system: the introduction of three strikes sentencing laws, the adoption of supermax principles of prison design and administration, and the use of zero tolerance and broken windows policing strategies. In tracing these changes, I find globalization opening new channels for the movement of policy that are often outside the control of the criminal justice establishment.

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Crime, Imprisonment and Poverty

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Service usage by a New Zealand Housing First cohort prior to being housed.

Service usage by a New Zealand Housing First cohort prior to being housed.

Institutionalizing Restorative Justice in New Zealand's Criminal Justice System: Gains, Losses and Challenges for the Future

The globalization of American criminal justice: The New Zealand Case

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