Crime and Justice in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century England

Convict police and the enforcement of British order: Policing the rum economy in early New South Wales

“…The criminal justice systems of early modern Britain depended upon private prosecution of offenders – in general, both the arrest of criminals and their prosecution in court were the responsibility of the victim of crime, who either undertook these activities themselves or paid others to do it for them (Beattie, 1986, 2001; Hay, 1980; King, 2006). Such police as existed were organised at a local county or borough level by the magistrates: representatives of the landed gentry who were often appointed on a partisan basis, or urban officials who were frequently elected on a narrow franchise.…”

Transportation from Britain and Ireland, 1615–1875

“…The number of convicts arriving in Australia increased substantially following the ending of the Napoleonic Wars (see Figure 7.1). 103 Worried about the financial implications the British government set up an enquiry to investigate ways of cutting costs. The resulting report recommended a number of changes designed to ensure that transportation was both feared by the British working class and cheap enough to keep the taxpayer happy.…”

Gender and Southern Punishment After the Civil War*

“…GENDER AND SOCIAL CONTROL TRENDS Similarities in social control responses have prompted researchers to link the social control of women to the same social changes implicated in the social control of men. Though not enjoying consistent empirical support, urbanization and industrialization have been singled out most often (Boritch andHagan, 1990, Feeley andLittle, 1991;Gatrell, 1980;Gurr et al, 1977;Hay, 1980;Monkkonen, 1981). Urbanization involved changing norms about social behavior and the attendant growth of institutions that supervised and shaped social behavior more intensively (Lane, 1970(Lane, , 1974(Lane, , 1979(Lane, , 1980.…”