Crevicular Fluid and Serum Concentrations of Progranulin and High Sensitivity CRP in Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction. This study was designed to correlate the serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of progranulin (PGRN) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP) in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Design. PGRN and hs CRP levels were estimated in 3 groups: healthy, chronic periodontitis, and type 2 DM with chronic periodontitis. Results. The mean PGRN and hs CRP concentrations in serum and GCF were the highest for group 3 followed by group 2 and the least in group 1. Conclusion. PGRN and hs CRP may be biomarkers of the inflammatory response in type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis.

Progranulin is highly expressed in patients with chronic periodontitis and protects against experimental periodontitis in rats

“…For example, PGRN was identified as a novel molecule that was upregulated in H. pylori infections both ex vivo and in vitro . The level of PGRN was increased in kidneys during LPS‐induced acute kidney injury in mice, in adipose tissues of an obese mice model, and in the serum and GCF of CP patients with and without obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus . Our results are consistent with the increased expression of PGRN found in these inflammatory diseases.…”

Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy Reduces Saliva Adipokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Periodontitis

“…Although progranulin participates in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases, there is limited information on its role in periodontitis. Priyanka et al 8 reported that progranulin levels are increased in the GCF in diabetic and non‐diabetic periodontitis. Pradeep et al 28 reported similar results with increased levels of progranulin in periodontitis.…”

“…Progranulin has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory properties in some studies 24–26 . In fact, after the proteolytic breakdown of progranulin, small peptide fragments called granulins are released, and they have proinflammatory characteristics 8 . These granulins stimulate the release of IL‐8 from epithelial cells, which in turn acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils 45 .…”

“…Adipokines, which are involved in many important events, including energy metabolism, insulin regulation, and healing, are among the factors that affect the inflammatory response 4 , 5 . In recent studies, some adipokines were reported not only to play a role in periodontal inflammation, but also to be associated with the extent of the tissue breakdown 6–8 …”

“…It may be elevated in diseases such as osteo‐arthritis and skin deficiencies; it can also increase susceptibility to these diseases 25–27 . Progranulin in periodontitis has been investigated in a limited number of studies, and it has been reported to occur at higher levels in GCF in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and periodontitis compared with levels found healthy individuals 8 , 28 …”