Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the eye. I. Background and patient management

Lueck, Christian J.; McIlwaine, Gawn G.; Zeidler, Martin

doi:10.1038/eye.2000.75

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 484 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The disposable prism since it has been introduced has been suggested to be the ideal solution. 11 The style weight and design of the device correlates extremely well with the accepted Goldmann applanation devices and hence there is good agreement in the readings as well. The clear acrylic structure makes viewing of the fluorescein rings very bright and clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Comparison between standard Goldmann applanation prism and disposable applanation prism in tonometry

Goel

Chua

Dong

et al. 2004

Eye

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Background Disposable devices are increasingly becoming the preferred choice where possible in contact medical equipment. Aim To evaluate the accuracy of the disposable applanation tonometer head as a potential substitute to the standard Goldmann applanation head. Methods The study was prospective. The intraocular pressure recordings in 80 eyes of 42 patients were compared using the disposable and standard Goldmann applanator heads. The Bland and Altman method of assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement was used in the analysis. Results The difference in the readings between the two types of tonometer heads was highly variable (mean difference ¼ 0.78 mm Hg, range ¼ À1 to 11 mm Hg). This was because of the distortions on the applanating surface of the disposable device. When the readings associated with the defective heads were excluded, very strong agreement was obtained (mean ¼ 0.07 mm Hg, range ¼ À1 to 2 mm Hg). Conclusion Good agreement with standard Goldmann applanation is achieved with the disposable heads except where surface distortions induce significant errors. Careful inspection to ensure well-structured disposable units is imperative in disposable applanation tonometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Comparison between standard Goldmann applanation prism and disposable applanation prism in tonometry

Goel

Chua

Dong

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…The prion is highly resistant to inactivation by many techniques of disinfection currently used. 1 Methods of sterilisation such as steam autoclaving for 1 hour at 132°C and immersion in 1 M NaOH for 1 hour 1 were previously thought to be completely effective, 1 but other studies disagree. 16 17 Neither is suitable nor practical for the tonometer prism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 By February 2003 there were 131 definite or probable vCJD cases (dead and alive) in the United Kingdom, six in France, and one in each of the Republic of Ireland, Italy, United States, and Canada. Sporadic CJD is a disease of older people and it frequently presents as a dementing illness.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retention of corneal epithelial cells following Goldmann tonometry: implications for CJD risk

Lim

2003

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aims: To assess the adequacy of current decontamination methods for the Goldmann tonometer in the context of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Methods: Reusable Goldmann tonometer prisms were used to perform applanation tonometry on different groups of patients. Following tonometry, retained materials were collected from the tonometer prism head and examined using cytological methods. The used tonometers were subjected to a series of conditions to evaluate their effect on the residual cell numbers found on the tonometer heads. These included wiping alone and wiping or washing followed by disinfection of the tonometer prism. The effect on cell counts of drying the prism overnight was studied, as well as drying overnight and then wiping and disinfecting. All disinfections were performed with sodium hypochlorite (0.05% w/v). Results: The cytology specimens of 69 patients were studied. Patients using eye drops regularly desquamated significantly more corneal epithelial cells with Goldmann tonometry than patients not using regular eye drops. The mean number of cells was 156 (range 0-470) for patients using eye drops and 14 (4-57) for patients not using eye drops (p = 0.004). Wiping or washing the tonometer head reduced the cell number significantly but neither method completely eliminated cells. The two methods were not significantly different (p=0.3). Drying left a large number of cells (23-320 cells). Conclusions: Retained corneal epithelial cells, following the standard decontamination routine of tonometer prisms, may represent potential prion infectivity. Manual cleaning was the most important step in reducing epithelial cell retention.

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“…Nevertheless, given the large number of arrivals from the UK 14 (mig rants, long-term visitors and Australian residents who have travelled or resided in the UK for 12 months or longer) between 1984 and 1997 potentially exposed to the BSE agent, such a case could exist in Australia and could be a source of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD. The comparatively high levels of infectivity of eye tissues 1,15 suggest that ophthalmic sur gery represents one of the g reatest risks of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD. It is an appropriate starting point to assess the likelihood of such transmission and to explore the costs and benef its of infection control strategies to minimise the risks to public health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved infection control in the prevention of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in Australia: costs and benefits

Harris

Gospodarevskaya

2004

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the eye. I. Background and patient management

Abstract: that it may influence the activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase,21 but little else is known about its normal function. The fact that it is possible to rear transgenic mice totally devoid of the protein22 implies that it is not essential for life, and adds to the confusion.

Cited by 20 publications

References 484 publications

Comparison between standard Goldmann applanation prism and disposable applanation prism in tonometry

Comparison between standard Goldmann applanation prism and disposable applanation prism in tonometry

Retention of corneal epithelial cells following Goldmann tonometry: implications for CJD risk

Improved infection control in the prevention of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in Australia: costs and benefits

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