Cresylic Acids in Petroleum Naphthas. Assay Recovery and Characterization.

Pure Cresylic Acids from Petroleum by Solvent Extraction

“…The literature on higher a, -dienes is very scattered and scanty. Although 1,9-decadiene (2), 1,10-undecadiene (2,15), and 1,15-hexadecadiene (15) were reported over 50 years ago, and 1,11-dodecadiene (7) over 30 years ago, these compounds remain for the most part chemical curiosities. A few years ago, Marvel and Garrison synthesized the individual Cg-Cie, Gis, and C22 a, -dienes and studied their polymerization with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst (77).…”

Treatment of Refinery Emulsions and Chemical Wastes

“…In addition these wastes include several spent caustic solutions derived from the neutralization operation following some of the foregoing acid treating steps. The spent caustic solutions contain emulsified oil and sodium soaps of naphthenic acids (3,5), sulfonic acids, phenols, cresols, and xylenols, all of which are effective emulsion stabilizers (4). These solutions also contain sodium sulfite and thiosulfates which together with some of the organic materials present have a high oxygen demand.…”

“…Growths required at least 4 days to recover perceptibly when conditions were favorable. After heavy shock treatment, periods as long as 3 months were required before regrowth necessitated another treatment. Heavy shock treatments with sodium hypochlorite also increased effluent pH slightly (from 7.1 to 8.2).…”