Creep of a Twaron<sup>®</sup>/Natural Rubber Composite

David, N. V.; Gao, X.-L.; Zheng, James

doi:10.1080/15376494.2012.676719

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The Maxwell form of the standard linear solid model (abbreviated as the standard linear solid model in the following text), as shown in Figure 1 , is a classical viscoelastic mathematical model commonly applied to analyze experimentally measured or computationally simulated viscoelastic behaviors such as stress relaxation and creep for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of materials [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Other than the standard linear solid model, there are many other types of viscoelastic models available to use, including more complicated models such as generalized Maxwell and Kelvin models [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and fractional order models [ 11 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Nevertheless, the standard linear solid model is still one of the most common and popular viscoelastic models because of its simplicity and high applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

et al. 2022

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The viscoelastic properties of materials such as polymers can be quantitatively evaluated by measuring and analyzing the viscoelastic behaviors such as stress relaxation and creep. The standard linear solid model is a classical and commonly used mathematical model for analyzing stress relaxation and creep behaviors. Traditionally, the constitutive equations for analyzing stress relaxation and creep behaviors based on the standard linear solid model are derived using the assumption that the loading is a step function, implying that the loading rate used in the loading process of stress relaxation and creep tests is infinite. Using such constitutive equations may cause significant errors in analyses since the loading rate must be finite (no matter how fast it is) in a real stress relaxation or creep experiment. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the constitutive equations for analyzing stress relaxation and creep behaviors based on the standard linear solid model derived with a finite loading rate. The finite element computational simulation results demonstrate that the constitutive equations derived with a finite loading rate can produce accurate results in the evaluation of all viscoelastic parameters regardless of the loading rate in most cases. It is recommended that the constitutive equations derived with a finite loading rate should replace the traditional ones derived with an infinite loading rate to analyze stress relaxation and creep behaviors for quantitatively evaluating the viscoelastic properties of materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

et al. 2022

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“…This behaviour of the component is responsible for the creep and the relaxation phenomenon. The viscous behaviour of PVC foam should be particularly taken into account in the fatigue behaviour study of sandwich [17–20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic behaviour investigation and new developed laboratory slamming test on foam core sandwich

Alila

Fajoui

Gérard

et al. 2018

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

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In the first part of this paper, a viscoelastic model is used to numerically study the cellular foam core fatigue behaviour. Material’s temperature evolution is quantified with a numerical/experimental confrontation. In the second part, the slamming phenomenon is discussed by measuring the panel flexural strain on a racing sailboat during navigation. Making use of these results, a new slamming test rig was developed to evaluate the fatigue of sandwich structure under realistic loading. Four-point bending and slamming tests were performed on sandwich beams in order to compare their fatigue life and to discuss the physical parameters.

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“…Standard viscoelastic models or some variants of them are used to model tissue responses. The number of material constants needed in such a model depends on how many springs and dashpots are used (e.g., [35][36][37][38]). However, linear viscoelastic models are suitable only over a small strain regime and are not adequate to describe tissue responses under blast loading.…”

Section: Linear Viscoelastic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury

Kulkarni

Gao

Horner

et al. 2013

Composite Structures

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136

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a b s t r a c tProtecting a soldier's head from injury is critical to function and survivability. Traditionally, combat helmets have been utilized to provide protection against shrapnel and ballistic threats, which have reduced head injuries and fatalities. However, home-made bombs or improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have been increasingly used in theatre of operations since the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly blast-induced TBI, which is typically not accompanied by external body injuries, is becoming prevalent among injured soldiers. The responses of personal protective equipment, especially combat helmets, to blast events are relatively unknown. There is an urgent need to develop head protection systems with blast protection/mitigation capabilities in addition to ballistic protection. Modern military operations, ammunitions, and technology driven war tactics require a lightweight headgear that integrates protection mechanisms (against ballistics, blasts, heat, and noise), sensors, night vision devices, and laser range finders into a single system. The current article provides a comparative study on the design, materials, and ballistic and blast performance of the combat helmets used by the US Army based on a comprehensive and critical review of existing studies. Mechanisms of ballistic energy absorption, effects of helmet curvatures on ballistic performance, and performance measures of helmets are discussed. Properties of current helmet materials (including Kevlar Ò K29, K129 fibers and thermoset resins) and future candidate materials for helmets (such as nano-composites and thermoplastic polymers) are elaborated. Also, available experimental and computational studies on blast-induced TBI are examined, and constitutive models developed for brain tissues are reviewed. Finally, the effectiveness of current combat helmets against TBI is analyzed along with possible avenues for future research.

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Creep of a Twaron^®/Natural Rubber Composite

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

Viscoelastic behaviour investigation and new developed laboratory slamming test on foam core sandwich

Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury

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Creep of a Twaron®/Natural Rubber Composite

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

Constitutive Equations for Analyzing Stress Relaxation and Creep of Viscoelastic Materials Based on Standard Linear Solid Model Derived with Finite Loading Rate

Viscoelastic behaviour investigation and new developed laboratory slamming test on foam core sandwich

Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Creep of a Twaron^®/Natural Rubber Composite