Creep crack growth data and prediction for a P91 weld at 650 °C

Hyde, T H; Saber, Mohammed; Sun, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2010.09.002

Cited by 51 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…El-Dosoky et al [15] investigated the behavior of welded joints subjected to prolonged exposure at 600 • C under 120 MPa and 70 MPa loads, verifying that the creep resistance is conditioned by the fine grain of the heat-affected zone (FGHAZ). It has also been reported that welded samples have a higher creep rate than the parent metal mainly in the tertiary region, and that creep begins earlier in welded samples relative to the parent metal for the same load applied at 600 • C. Hyde et al [16] studied the crack growth in welded P91 steel samples by creep crack growth tests at 650 • C, using compact strain (CT) test specimens, comparing the results obtained experimentally with simulations performed by the finite element method (FEM). The authors also confirmed a good correlation between the creep crack growth rates in the P91 parent metal and the cross-weld specimens for a given contour-integral (C*) [17], in which the crack growth rate was 10 times higher in the cross-welded CT specimens than those of the parent metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of Welded Joints in P91 Steel under Different Heat-Treatment Conditions

Silva

Pinho

Péreira

et al. 2020

Metals

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P91 steel has been of interest to many researchers over the past two decades. This interest is because this steel has very interesting characteristics for application in power plants, where it is common to have pipes that need to support steam at temperatures between 570 and 600 °C, and at pressures in the range of 170 to 230 bar. These working conditions are quite severe for most common steels, requiring increased high-temperature mechanical strength as well as high creep resistance. The manufacture of these pipes normally includes welding operations, which must preserve the main characteristics of this type of steel. This justifies the concern of the researchers to ensure the best welding conditions so that the preservation of the properties of these steels becomes possible. The present work intends to depict the best results obtained varying the heat-treatment conditions applied to weldments made on heat-resistant steel P91. This steel usually takes the designation SA 213 T91 (seamless tube) or SA 335 P91 (seamless pipe), according to ASME II, as well as the designation X10CrMOVNb9-1 according to EN 10216-2. The purpose of this study is to compare the behavior of pipe welding under different post-welding heat-treatment (PWHT) conditions. One of them is performed with thermal cycles (preheating, post-heating, and the post-weld heat treatment) in agreement with most construction codes and standard rules. The second one is performed without any thermal cycle before and after welding. Both welds were made by the same process, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas, or GTAW—Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) in the horizontal position (2G according to ASME IX) and the same welding parameters. In order to evaluate the results obtained in the welds, microstructure analyses, hardness measurements, bending tests, and tensile tests at room and high temperature (600 °C) have been performed. Other tests were also carried out according to the quality procedures, such as visual, penetrant dye, and X-ray tests. Regarding the different strategies used in the heat treatments, the best results have been obtained using a strategy similar to the one currently in use and recommended by construction codes and steel manufacturers but excluding the phases’ transformation time, and it was possible to observe that the tensile strength is impaired by about 2% to 9% at room and elevated temperatures, respectively; the elongation is reduced by 39% at room temperature but keeps a good performance at elevated temperature; the hardness profile is very similar at both temperatures; the microstructure presented is compatible with the requirements; and no cracking trend has been reported. Thus, a new strategy for the welding heat treatment of grade 91 steels was drawn, saving energy and processing time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of Welded Joints in P91 Steel under Different Heat-Treatment Conditions

Silva

Pinho

Péreira

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Generally considered, the creep process include the hardening and creep damage mechanism [7][8][9][10], i.e. A is the material constant, n is the stress exponent, and m is the time-hardening exponent.…”

Section: Creep Damage Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pipe hangers on creep damage of Main-Steam Pipe Containing Defects

Ling¹,

Wang

Cai³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering

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The pipe hanger is an important part of steam pipeline system in power plant. In order to study the influence of pipe hangers on creep damage of main-steam pipe containing defects. In the paper, the main-steam pipe with defects was taken as the research objects. The pipe analysis model with pipe hanger was established. Based on the creep damage mechanics, the influence of distance and arrangement of pipe hanger constraints was studied, and the effects of creep stress at pipe defects were given. The results show that the pipe hanger can greatly influence the creep stress distribution of pipe. With the decreasing of pipe hanger distance between the defect, the stress intensity increased. The creep stress of defect were also researched under different type of pipe hanger, and the fixed constraint hanger has the maximum stress. The results can give the constructive suggestion for the engineering design of the arrangement of pipe hanger.

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“…These include using magnetic field properties that measure Barkhausen noise or magnetic hysteresis, eddy currents that are disrupted by inhomogeneities and replicas where computer‐based image analysis has shown some promise . Potential drop (PD) methods have been used to monitor crack growth for many years in a variety of different materials using both alternating and direct current , with associated standards governing how tests must be set up . Research at Imperial has been performed with Alternating Current PD methods using a square probe arrangement to measure strain as well as creep damage, and this has been successfully applied in trials on UK power stations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Measuring Creep Strain in High Temperature Plant Components

Narayanan

Maharaj

Kelly

et al. 2016

Strain

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Accurate measurements of creep strain are necessary to evaluate the condition and predict the remaining life of power plant constituent materials. Optical techniques are appropriate for this purpose as they are a non-contact method and can therefore be used to measure strain without requiring direct access to the surface. Within this class of techniques, the Auto-Reference Creep Management And Control (ARCMAC) camera system can be used to calculate the strain between two points using a series of silicon nitride (SiN) target spheres (the ARCMAC gauge). There are two iterations in system design, the Conventional ARCMAC and Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) ARCMAC.Experiments are conducted to determine the absolute limit of accuracy of the systems in comparison to a strain gauge, and the relative accuracy across several orders of magnitude until specimen failure. In addition, tests have been performed using the ARCMAC gauge at elevated temperatures to evaluate the effect of temperature on the gauges and to investigate whether its accuracy diminishes in creep conditions. It was found that both conventional and DSLR ARCMAC systems can be accurate to 60 με or less. In accelerated creep tests, the ARCMAC gauge produced similar agreement to a linear variable displacement transducer when used to measure creep strain. Strain variations (under 500 με) were noted on a steel plate subjected only to operational temperature and no stress. This error is very reasonable compared to a critical strain value of 93 000 με in a given high temperature-service material. Digital image correlation (DIC) results using the DSLR ARCMAC system show approximately 4% error in measurement for plastic strains in the specimen. The two measures of strain measurement (using ARCMAC and DIC) can serve to complement each other.

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Creep crack growth data and prediction for a P91 weld at 650 °C

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of Welded Joints in P91 Steel under Different Heat-Treatment Conditions

Evaluation of Welded Joints in P91 Steel under Different Heat-Treatment Conditions

Influence of pipe hangers on creep damage of Main-Steam Pipe Containing Defects

Recent Developments in Measuring Creep Strain in High Temperature Plant Components

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