Creep cavitation and grain boundary structure in type 304 stainless steel

Don, Jarlen; Majumdar, S.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(86)90069-6

Cited by 101 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The distribution of cavities is generally inhomogeneous. Some grain boundaries are highly resistant to cavitation while others are prone to cavitation (Don and Majumdar 1986). For grain boundaries that cavitate, the number and spacing of cavities depend on the strain rate and time in addition to metallurgical factors such as, alloy grain size and size and spacing of grain boundary precipitates.…”

Section: Cavitation Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of qualification issues for existing structural materials.

Natesan¹,

Li²,

Majumdar³

et al. 2012

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This report gives a detailed assessment of several key technical issues that needs resolution for the existing structural materials with emphasis on application in liquid metal reactors (LMRs), in particular, sodium cooled fast reactors. The work is a combined effort between Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with ANL as the technical lead, as part of Advanced Structural Materials Program for the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) Reactor Campaign. The report is the second deliverable in FY09 (M2505050201) under the work package "Advanced Materials Code Qualification".The overall objective of the Advanced Materials Code Qualification project is to evaluate the key technical requirements for the qualification of currently available and future advanced materials for application in sodium reactor systems and the resolution of issues that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has raised in the past on structural materials in support of the design and licensing of the LMR. Advanced materials are a critical element in the development of sodium reactor technologies. Enhanced materials performance not only improves safety margins and provides design flexibility, but also is essential for the economics of future advanced sodium reactors. Qualification and licensing of advanced materials are prominent needs for developing and implementing advanced sodium reactor technologies. However, the development of sufficient database and qualification of these materials for application in LMRs require considerable amount of time and resources. In the meantime, the currently available materials will be used in the early development of fast reactors.Nuclear structural component designs in the U.S. comply with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III (Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components) and the NRC grants licensing. As the LMR will operate at higher temperatures than the current light water reactors (LWRs), the design of elevated-temperature components must comply with ASME Section III Subsection NH (Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service). Assessment of materials performance issues and high temperature design methodology issues pertinent to the LMR were presented in an earlier report (Natesan et al. 2008). In a subsequent report ), we addressed the needs in high temperature methodologies for design of various high temperature components in sodium cooled fast reactor.The present report addresses several key technical issues for the currently available structural materials such as Type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels and ferritic steels such as 2.25Cr-1Mo and modified 9Cr-1Mo. The 60-year design life for the LMR presents a significant challenge to the development of database, extrapolation/prediction of long-term performance, and high temperature structural design methodology. The current Subsection NH is applicable to the design life only up to 34 years. No experimental data contain test durations of 525,000 hours, and it is impractical...

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Section: Cavitation Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution of qualification issues for existing structural materials.

Natesan¹,

Li²,

Majumdar³

et al. 2012

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“…Engineering of the grain-boundary microstructure in a material has been shown to be particularly successful in promoting resistance to specific modes of fracture, such as intergranular stress-corrosion cracking [3-20 1 and creep.1 21 - 24 1 In general, this involves the use of thermomechanical processing to alter the misorientation distribution function (MDF), or the grain-boundary character distribution (GBCD), in order to increase the fraction of grain boundaries that exhibit special misorientations characterized by the coincident site lattice (CSL) model. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) provides a convenient method to measure the special fraction and the GBCD, as well as the triple-junction distribution.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, studies of environmentally-assisted intergranular cracking [3-2 0 1 and high-temperature creep 21 -241 have all demonstrated the superior fracture resistance of these boundaries. However, their presence may also modify dislocation behavior, for example, by acting as a source or sink of incoming mobile dislocations.…”

Section: Elevated-temperature Fatigue-crack Growth Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[•1 Processing generally involves several strain-annealing cycles to induce (i) strain by cold working and (ii) strain-induced grain-boundary migration during subsequent annealing, the latter creating special grain boundaries via a boundary decomposition mechanism in the grain-boundary network.! 1 21 In addition to an enhanced fraction of special boundaries, such "engineered" microstructures can possess a refined grain size and diminished incidence of deviation from the exact Y misorientations; the texture, however, generally remains unchanged or, in some cases, can be reduced.…”

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A Study on the Role of Grain-Boundary Engineering in Promoting High-Cycle Fatigue Resistance and Improving Reliability in Metallic Alloys for Propulsion Systems

Ritchie¹,

Kumar²

2005

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ForewordThis research program, on "A study of the role of grain-boundary engineering in promoting high-cycle fatigue resistance and improving reliability in metallic alloys for propulsion systems", was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research between December 1, 2001, and May 31, 2005, under AFOSR Grant no. F49620-02-1-0010, with Professor Robert 0. Ritchie, of the University of California, Berkeley, as principal investigator, and Dr. Mukul Kumar, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, as co-principal investigator Abstract High-cycle fatigue, involving the premature initiation and/or rapid propagation of small cracks to failure due to high-frequency (vibratory) loading, remains the principal cause of failures in military gas-turbine propulsion systems. The objective of this study is to examine whether the resistance to high-cycle fatigue failures can be enhanced by grain-boundary engineering, i.e., through the modification of the spatial distribution and topology of the grain boundaries in the microstructure. While grain-boundary engineering has been used to obtain significant improvements in intergranular corrosion and cracking, creep and cavitation behavior, toughness and plasticity, cold-work embrittlement, and weldability, only very limited, but positive, results exist for fatigue. Accordingly, using a Ni-base 7/y' superalloy, Ren6 104 (also referred to as ME3), as a typical engine disk material, sequential thermomechanical (cyclic strain and annealing) processing is used to (i) modify the proportion of special grain boundaries, and (ii) interrupt the connectivity of the random boundaries in the grain-boundary network. The processed microstructures are then subjected to high-cycle fatigue testing, first to assess the crack-propagation properties of long and small cracks to examine how the altered grain-boundary population and connectivity can influence growth rates and overall lifetimes. Research objectivesNickel-base superalloys are widely used in turbines for both aerospace and land-based power generation applications, due to their exceptional elevated-temperature strength, high resistance to creep, oxidation, corrosion, and good fracture toughness. However, a critical property of these alloys is their resistance to fatigue-crack propagation, particularly at service 20061102513

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“…Grain boundary engineering has been demonstrated to be a viable means of improving certain properties of low to medium stacking fault energy FCC materials such as austenitic stainless and microalloyed steels [2,3], nickel and nickel-based alloys [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and lead alloys [16][17][18]. The susceptible properties are typically grain boundary controlled, such as corrosion and stress corrosion cracking [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], creep and cavitation [19][20][21][22], and weldability [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Processing Method on the Grain Boundary Character Distribution and Network Connectivity

1999

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There exists a growing body of literature that correlates the fraction of "special" boundaries in a microstructure, as described by the Coincident Site Lattice Model, to properties such as corrosion resistance, intergranular stress corrosion cracking, creep, etc. Several studies suggest that the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), which is defined in terms of the relative fractions of "special" and "random" grain boundaries, can be manipulated through thermomechanical processing. This investigation evaluates the influence of specific thermomechanical processing methods on the resulting GBCD in FCC materials such as oxygenfree electronic (ofe) copper and Inconel 600. We also demonstrate that the primary effect of thermomechanical processing is to reduce or break the connectivity of the random grain boundary network. Samples of ofe Cu were subjected to a minimum of three different deformation paths to evaluate the influence of deformation path on the resulting GBCD. These include: rolling to 82% reduction in thickness, compression to 82% strain, repeated compression to 20% strain followed by annealing. In addition, the influence of annealing temperature was probed by applying, for each of the processes, three different annealing temperatures of 400, 560, and 800°C. The observations obtained from automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of the microstructure are discussed in terms of deformation path, annealing temperature, and processing method. Results are compared to previous reports on strainannealed ofe Cu and sequential processed Inconel 600. These results demonstrate that among the processes considered, sequential processing is the most effective method to disrupt the random grain boundary network and improve the GBCD.

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Creep cavitation and grain boundary structure in type 304 stainless steel

Cited by 101 publications

References 15 publications

Resolution of qualification issues for existing structural materials.

Resolution of qualification issues for existing structural materials.

A Study on the Role of Grain-Boundary Engineering in Promoting High-Cycle Fatigue Resistance and Improving Reliability in Metallic Alloys for Propulsion Systems

Influence of Processing Method on the Grain Boundary Character Distribution and Network Connectivity

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