Creep and Recovery Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced 3DP Composites

Abstract

The commercial availability of 3D printers for continuous fiber-reinforced 3D-printed (CFR3DP) composites has attracted researchers to evaluate the thermomechanical properties of these materials. The improvement of strength through chopped or continuous fiber reinforcements in polymers could provide remarkable results, and its exploration can provide broad applications in several industries. The evaluation of mechanical properties of these materials at elevated temperatures is vital for their utilization in severe operating conditions. This study provides insight into the effect of different fiber reinforcements (Kevlar, fiberglass, and high-strength high-temperature fiberglass) and temperatures on the creep and recovery behavior of CFR3DP Onyx composites. Experimental results were also compared with analytical models, i.e., Burger’s model and Weibull distribution function, for creep and recovery. Results from analytical models agreed well with experimental results for all the materials and temperatures. A significant drop in maximum and residual strains was observed due to the introduction of fibers. However, the creep resistance of all the materials was affected at higher temperatures. Minimum creep strain was observed for Onyx-FG at 120 °C; however, at the same temperature, the minimum residual strain was observed for Onyx-KF. Based on the analytical models and experimental results, the role of fiber reinforcements on the improvement of creep and recovery performance is also discussed.

Influence of Infill Pattern on Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric and Composites Specimens Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication Technology

“…Therefore, to characterize the mechanical behavior of an FFF part, it is essential to understand the effects that the FFF parameters have on the anisotropic material properties. Parameters such as the layer height, nozzle diameter, raster angle [ 31 , 32 ] or infill pattern [ 33 , 34 ] of the melted filaments [ 35 ], for both the pure polymer and fiber in a composite material, and infill density must be taken into account in the mechanical response of the specimen obtained using this process [ 5 , 7 , 8 , 22 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Additive manufacturing of smart polymeric composites: Literature review and future perspectives

“…The most widely employed technique under this process principle is fused deposition modeling (FDM) [37] or fused filament fabrication (FFF). [38][39][40][41] It works with the externally applied pressure on a nozzle containing viscoelastic material, which can directly apply the substance with a predetermined pathway using a computer modeling tool, referred to as direct ink writing (DIW). [42,43] Extrusionbased techniques are advantageous in easy operation and precise printing of complicated geometries with varying structures despite requiring a material with specific characteristics like printing temperature.…”

Fused Filament Fabrication Process: A Review of Numerical Simulation Techniques

“…The research efforts include process printing speed, printer build volume, and production rate [ 15 ]. The materials portfolio has also included short and continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites for the FFF process [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Aside from the extensive experimental investigations on the FFF process reported in the literature, the numerical tools employed are still limited.…”