Creep and cracking of concrete hinges: insight from centric and eccentric compression experiments

Schlappal, Thomas; Schweigler, Michael; Gmainer, Susanne; Peyerl, Martin; Pichler, Bernhard

doi:10.1617/s11527-017-1112-9

Cited by 18 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In order to characterize the undamaged bending stiffness of the neck region, compression tests were carried out with an eccentricity e = 20 mm. This value was chosen such that no significant bending-induced tensile cracking was induced when increasing the normal force up to 200 kN [39]. The tests on all three concrete hinges delivered very similar results, see Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The cube compressive strength, f c,cube , and Young's modulus, E, were determined 28 days after production, following the Austrian standards for testing of concrete [1]. The mean values of two tests ( f c,cube,1 = 55 MPa, E 1 = 34.3 GPa; f c,cube,2 = 57.5 MPa, E 2 = 35.2 GPa) read as [39] f c,cube = 56. 25 MPa, E = 34.75 GPa.…”

Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They permitted measuring changes of the notch mouth opening displacements of the lateral notches. Thus, they allowed for quantifying the rotation angles [39]. In order to characterize the undamaged bending stiffness of the neck region, compression tests were carried out with an eccentricity e = 20 mm.…”

Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dense reinforcement cages, limited space in the region of the narrow neck, and the three pairs of rebars crossing this region are a great challenge for placing the concrete in the formworks and to compact it thereafter. In this context, it is worth mentioning that the tested concrete hinges were produced by very experienced laboratory technicians of the research unit of the Austrian cement industry, such that highest quality standards were achieved [39]. Therefore, a more likely source of damage is shrinkage of concrete.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has provided the motivation for the present contribution. It is devoted to the structural re-analysis of a test series regarding the bearing capacity of concrete hinges, subjected to eccentric compression [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bearing capacity of concrete hinges subjected to eccentric compression: multiscale structural analysis of experiments

et al. 2018

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Existing design guidelines for concrete hinges are focusing on serviceability limit states. Lack of knowledge about ultimate limit states was the motivation for this work. Experimental data are taken from a testing series on reinforced concrete hinges subjected to eccentric compression up to their bearing capacity. These tests are simulated using the finite element (FE) software Atena science and a material model for concrete implemented therein. The first simulation is based on default input derived from measured values of Young's modulus and of the cube compressive strength of the concrete. The numerical results overestimate the initial stiffness and the bearing capacity of the tested concrete hinges. Therefore, it is concluded that concrete was damaged already before the tests. A multiscale model for tensile failure of concrete is used to correlate the preexisting damage to corresponding values of Young's modulus, the tensile strength, and the fracture energy of concrete. This allows for identifying the preexisting damage in the context of correlated structural sensitivity analyses, such that the simulated initial stiffness agrees well with experimental data. In order to simulate the bearing capacity adequately, the triaxial compressive strength of concrete is reduced to a level that is consistent with regulations according to Eurocode 2. Corresponding FE simulations suggest that the ductile structural failure of concrete hinges results from the ductile material failure of concrete at the surface of the compressed lateral notch. Finally, Eurocode-inspired interaction envelopes for concrete hinges subjected to compression and bending are derived. They agree well with the experimental data.

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Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Data From Testing Of Concrete Hinges Taken Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bearing capacity of concrete hinges subjected to eccentric compression: multiscale structural analysis of experiments

et al. 2018

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On a nonlinear hybrid method for multiscale analysis of a bearing‐capacity test of a real‐scale segmental tunnel ring

Zhang

Mang

Liu

et al. 2019

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Summary A nonlinear hybrid method is developed for multiscale analysis of a bearing‐capacity test of a real‐scale segmental tunnel ring subjected to point loads. The structural analysis consists of two parts. Part I refers to modeling of bending‐induced tensile cracking of the segments, resulting from the external loading. The segments are subdivided into elements, according to the crack spacing. Each element is either intact or contains one central crack band, flanked by lateral undamaged domains. A multiscale model for tensile softening of concrete is used to describe the progressive deterioration of the crack bands. After iterative determination of their state of damage, the effective bending and extensional stiffnesses of the corresponding elements are quantified by means of Voigt‐Reuss‐Hill estimates. The effective stiffnesses are used for linear‐elastic simulations of the segmental tunnel ring. Part II refers to the relative rotation angles at the joints, which are estimated from monitoring data, using the Bernoulli‐Euler hypothesis. Since the validity of this hypothesis is questionable for neck‐like joints, the relative rotation angles are post‐processed such that they refer to rigid body displacements of the segments. The following conclusions are drawn: The presented approach yields good estimates of crack widths. Relative rotation angles at the joints mainly result in rigid body displacements of the segments, governing the convergences. Because realistic interface models are lacking, hybrid analysis based on displacement‐monitoring data allows for performing ultimate‐load analysis of segmental tunnel rings.

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Assessing the compressive strength of concrete under sustained actions: From refined models to simple design expressions

Tasevski

Ruiz

Muttoni

2019

Structural Concrete

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The detrimental influence of high levels of sustained load on the compressive strength of concrete has been acknowledged and investigated since the 1950s. Despite the potential significance of this phenomenon in many situations, current design codes still provide limited guidance on how to account for this effect at ultimate limit state. In addition, the practical case of a significant permanent stress followed by stress increases due to variable loads is not addressed in most codes of practice. The aim of this paper is to present a general but simple design approach to account for the influence of sustained loading on the uniaxial behavior of concrete in compression, both in terms of its strength and deformation capacity. This approach is based on a previously developed mechanical model accounting for nonlinear creep and material damage development on the long‐term response of concrete. On that basis, a design approach is formulated in a simple code‐like manner and used to investigate several practical design situations involving both sustained and variable actions. This approach is shown to be consistent and applicable to any general loading pattern, accurately reproducing the results of the general mechanical model and of available experimental results.

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Creep and cracking of concrete hinges: insight from centric and eccentric compression experiments

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Bearing capacity of concrete hinges subjected to eccentric compression: multiscale structural analysis of experiments

Bearing capacity of concrete hinges subjected to eccentric compression: multiscale structural analysis of experiments

On a nonlinear hybrid method for multiscale analysis of a bearing‐capacity test of a real‐scale segmental tunnel ring

Assessing the compressive strength of concrete under sustained actions: From refined models to simple design expressions

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