Credibility of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The consequences of a TBI generate the activation and accumulation of inflammatory cells. The peak number of neutrophils entering into an injured brain is observed after 24 h; however, cells infiltrate within 5 min of closed brain injury. Neutrophils release toxic molecules including free radicals, proinflammatory cytokines, and proteases that advance secondary damage. Regulatory T cells impair T cell infiltration into the central nervous system and elevate reactive astrogliosis and interferon-γ gene expression, probably inducing the process of healing. Therefore, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a low-cost, objective, and available predictor of inflammation as well as a marker of secondary injury associated with neutrophil activation. Recent studies have documented that an NLR value on admission might be effective for predicting outcome and mortality in severe brain injury patients.

Exploring the pathogenesis linking traumatic brain injury and epilepsy via bioinformatic analyses

“…Interferon gamma is mainly involved in immune regulation, and its expression level is associated with neurological diseases ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Döhne et al, 2022 ; Wen et al, 2022 ). TBI could induce a serial of cytokines, including interferon gamma and activate various types of immune cells ( Siwicka-Gieroba and Dabrowski, 2021 ; Salem et al, 2022 ). A published study on status epileptics suggests that intraventricular injection of recombinant interferon gamma may reduce neuron damage on rat hippocampus ( Ryu et al, 2010 ).…”