Credibility and Drug Education: A Critique and Reformulation

Buckley, Jack

doi:10.3109/10826088909081831

International Journal of the Addictions

1989

DOI: 10.3109/10826088909081831

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Credibility and Drug Education: A Critique and Reformulation

Jack Buckley

Abstract: The literature on the impact of source credibility on drug education is reviewed. It is argued that most of this research is rooted in an inaccurate and imprecise conceptualization of credibility. Contemporary communication theory is drawn upon to suggest that the concept is more complex and more fluid than previously though, with the factors comprising credibility varying with the source, topic, situation, and audience. The implications of such a reconceptualization for drug education are discussed.

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The Role of Temporary Fecal Diversion

Lightner

Pembérton

2017

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery

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The use of temporary fecal diversion is of great importance to tenuous anastomosis, immunosuppressed patient, or actively infected patient. Its use protects newly constructed intestinal anastomoses from being the culprit of pelvic sepsis or systemic illness. Thus, potential morbidity and mortality can be averted. However, its appropriate or optimal use is often debated. We herein discuss the evidence for when to best use a diverting stoma for colorectal, coloanal, and ileoanal anastomoses. We also discuss the importance of considering a temporary diverting stoma in the setting of high-dose immunosuppression (e.g., transplant patients or inflammatory bowel disease), active infection, or upon creation of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Lastly, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a loop ileostomy versus colostomy for temporary diversion of fecal contents.

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The Role of Temporary Fecal Diversion

Lightner

Pembérton

2017

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery

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Drug Education: An Appraisal of a Popular Preventive

O’Connor

Saunders

1992

International Journal of the Addictions

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Drug education is a popular preventive. In this paper, school-based drug education programs as currently conceived and implemented are critically appraised. The evidence indicates that while such education influences knowledge and attitudes, it has little impact on behavior. It is contended that in most drug education programs the value and meaning of being a drug user is misunderstood and the benefits of drug use underestimated. It is argued that existing health promotion models have in the main failed to adopt a systemic approach to drug use and have focused too much attention on individual change at the expense of a broader social understanding of behavior. It is proposed that with regard to illicit drugs, future educational endeavors should take the form of training in "low(er) risk" drug use within a harm-reduction paradigm, and that with regard to alcohol, such strategies need to be augmented by social and legislative changes. It is concluded that if a harm-reduction and systemic approach is adopted, then education will lose some of its popularity, since such an endeavor will be a more challenging, politically difficult, and socially complex enterprise.

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Colorectal anastomotic leakage: Aspects of prevention, detection and treatment

Daams¹,

Luyer²,

Lange³

2013

WJG

131

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All colorectal surgeons are faced from time to time with anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. This complication has been studied extensively without a significant reduction of incidence over the last 30 years. New techniques of prevention, by innovative anastomotic techniques should improve results in the future, but standardization and "teachability" should be guaranteed. Risk scoring enables intra-operative decision-making whether to restore continuity or deviate. Early detection can lead to reduction in delay of diagnosis as long as a standard system is used. For treatment options, no firm evidence is available, but future studies could focus on repair and saving of the anastomosis on the one hand or anastomotical breakdown and definitive colostomy on the other hand.

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Credibility and Drug Education: A Critique and Reformulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The Role of Temporary Fecal Diversion

The Role of Temporary Fecal Diversion

Drug Education: An Appraisal of a Popular Preventive

Colorectal anastomotic leakage: Aspects of prevention, detection and treatment

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