Creatures of the night: Chronotypes and the Dark Triad traits

The slow and fast life histories of early birds and night owls: their future- or present-orientation accounts for their sexually monogamous or promiscuous tendencies

“…Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that eveningness may have evolved to facilitate short-term mating (Piffer, 2010), and with previous findings indicating that night owls exhibit psychological, behavioral and even physiological characteristics that may be conducive to promiscuous sexual relationships (e.g., extraversion, narcissism and Machiavellism, impulsivity, novelty-seeking and risk-taking, high arousability and cortisol levels, positive attitudes toward unrestricted socio-sexuality, and tendency to be single or in short-term romantic relationships rather than in long-term relationships; Jonason et al, 2013;Maestripieri, 2014;Piffer, 2010;Randler et al, 2012). The life history perspective taken in our study and our results suggest that future research on the functional significance of variation in chronotype should also incorporate measures of growth and sexual maturation, sex and stress hormones, and reproduction and parental investment.…”

“…Physiologically, the melatonin peak, temperature nadir, and cortisol peak all occur at an earlier time in morning-types compared to evening-types (e.g., Kerkhof & Van Dogen, 1996). In terms of personality traits, evening-types generally score high in extraversion (Díaz-Morales, 2007;Matthews, 1988;Randler et al, 2012) and in the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, secondary psychopathology and exploitive narcissism; Jonason, Jones, & Lyons, 2013), while morning-types appear to be more conscientious and agreeable (Tsaousis, 2010), more cooperative with others (Díaz-Morales, 2007), more persistent in accomplishing their goals (Caci et al, 2005), and score higher in the personality meta-trait of stability (DeYoung, Hasher, Djikic, Criger, & Peterson, 2007). Evening-types also score higher than morning-types in impulsivity, novelty-seeking, and risk-taking (Caci, Robert, & Boyer, 2004;Caci et al, 2005;Killgore, 2007;Maestripieri, 2014;Muro, Gomá-i-Freixanet, & Adan, 2012;Tonetti et al, 2010).…”

Uses and Gratifications of Problematic Social Media Use Among University Students: a Simultaneous Examination of the Big Five of Personality Traits, Social Media Platforms, and Social Media Use Motives

“…This result may be explained by the supporting findings of previous studies which suggest that using Facebook for the social gratifications is related to higher eveningness (i.e., having a preference for getting up later and going to bed later) (Horzum and Demirhan 2017), and that higher eveningness is associated higher flirtatious behaviors and having more sexual partners on the part of men (Piffer 2010;Piffer et al 2011). Moreover, eveningness has been associated with the Dark Triad of personality (Jonason et al 2013;Rahafar et al 2017) which has also been associated with a faster lifestyle and short-term mating on the part of men (Jonason et al 2009). Based on these studies, it might be that men use social media as a dating strategy for finding short-term sexual partners.…”

Birds of a “bad” feather flock together: The Dark Triad and mate choice

“…First, we did not examine the lower-order factors of narcissism and psychopathy (Jonason, Jones, & Lyons, 2013) as we had no particular predictions in that regard. Second, we exclusively used self-report measures (but see, Haeffel & Howard, 2010).…”