Creative evolution /

Bergson, Henri; Mitchell, A. C.; Scott, Charles Kennedy

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.166289

Cited by 945 publications

(312 citation statements)

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“…Perhaps Hans Driesch's Gifford Lectures 1906-1908 as The Science and Philosophy of the Organism (Driesch, 1908), or indeed Henri Bergson's WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE ORGANISM? 355 Creative Evolution (Bergson, 1911; in English translation) might have warranted consideration as just such beginnings. These works certainly shaped the field where vitalism met materialism.…”

Section: Vitalism Materialism and Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

Bruce

2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Biological thought requires at least both a concept of organism and a concept of evolution to be causally efficient; this is above and beyond any materialistic cause or causes, however formulated. Although the concept of evolution has been much debated and developed over the last century and a half, the concept of organism has been neglected, despite promising modern beginnings with the works of W. E. Ritter and others. The independent efforts of five biologists, including Ritter, to develop a concept of organism are outlined, key works are cited, and some similarities and differences of their approaches are outlined. E. S. Russell's teleology of organism, far from being a failed worldview, is considered to be a major significant step towards a more complete biology. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 112, 354–365.

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Section: Vitalism Materialism and Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

Bruce

2013

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…Lucas (1989) writes: 'Process philosophy is customarily delineated through the specification of a series of descriptive categories, stressing in particular the central metaphysical importance of time and change; the ontological primacy of events in place of an underlying and static substance; flux, becoming, novelty, and finite freedom or partial self-creativity; internal relatedness, organicism and holism; a doctrine of critical realism that emphasizes the phenomenological interconnections of subjects and objects, knower and known; and a doctrine of 'experience' understood as coextensive throughout the whole of nature rather than as inexplicably limited to an arbitrary narrow range of entities.' (Lucas, 1989, p. 20) To Bergson, being is essentially a fluid, continuously changing process of becoming (Bergson, 1998). This ontological position entails that a number of problems emerge; the problem of representation, the problem of perception and cognition and the problem of ontology.…”

Section: The Philosophy Of Henri Bergsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not things made, but things in the making, not self-maintaining states, but only changing states exists.' (Bergson, 1999a, p. 49) Being is strictly composed of fluid, discontinuous, ever-changing processes; entities are nothing but arrested movement (Bergson, 1988(Bergson, , 1998; 'In reality, life is no more made of physico-chemical elements than a curve is composed of straight lines' (Bergson, 1998, p. 31). As a consequence, there is a mismatch between the possibilities of representation and the ontology of becoming that is suggested by Bergson.…”

Section: The Philosophy Of Henri Bergsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Knowledge: A Bergsonian Critique of the Notion of Tacit Knowledge^*

Styhre

2004

British J of Management

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The recent focus on the intangible resources of the organization in general, and specifically the notion of knowledge, has problematized the notion of organization. Rather than seeing organizations as systems that integrate the use of all kinds of physical, financial and human resources, the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm and knowledge management literature emphasize the organization as a site for the development, use of and dissemination of knowledge and other forms of intellectual resources and assets. KBV and knowledge management literature also address the notion of knowledge as such; is knowledge what can be represented by concepts, figures, and statistics, or are there qualities inherent in knowledge that cannot easily be described, disseminated, or procured? The notion of tacit knowledge has been used to denote all forms of knowledge that cannot be represented: knowledge that cannot be fully articulated, expressed in formulas or described in documents. This paper aims to provide a critique of the notion of tacit knowledge as it is used in KBV and knowledge management literature. It examines the notion of tacit knowledge through the philosophy of Henri Bergson and concludes that the notion of tacit knowledge is little more than an umbrella term for unrepresentable knowledge. Thus, the notion of tacit knowledge should be used with care rather than being a residual category of knowledge.

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“…In addition, creativity is a metaphysical concept in terms of being the movement from actuality to possibility. For instance, in Bergson and Whitehead's process philosophy, creativity is the continuous force that is underlying Being and that perpetually turns Being into Becoming (Bergson, 1998). In social theory, creativity has been used in sociology, economics, psychology and management studies.…”

Section: The Notion Of Creativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Creativity – A Volatile Key of Success? Creativity in New Drug Development

Sundgren¹,

Styhre²

2003

Creat Innov Manage

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This paper presents a study of successful and creative projects in the pharmaceutical industry. Creativity is here defined as the ability to bring forth a new product within a specific domain of knowledge, namely in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and oncological medicine. The paper, being based on interviews with 18 of the most leading pre-clinical, clinical and pharmaceutical researchers at former AB Hässle and ICI Pharmaceutical Division, suggests that if creativity is to be managed as an organizational resource, there are at least nine facets that need to be considered. These nine facets range from the most practical aspects to issues of project culture and human faculties such as curiosity and joy. The paper concludes that there is such a thing as creativity management but also claims that creativity is complicated to manage as an organizational resource, since it is based on both tight control and clear objectives at the same time, as there must be space for experimentation, discussions and what could be called non-linear thinking.up with new ideas. In brief, the employees' ability to be creative is of great importance for all organizations (Oldham and Cummings, 1996).One of the trends in the pharmaceutical industry is expansion and consolidation. For the last five years, mergers, acquisitions or alliances have consolidated many pharmaceutical companies. Novartis, Pharmacia Corp., GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca and Pfizer are some examples. The R&D budgets for theses large companies are substantial. Pfizer for example, has an R&D budget of more than US$5 billion and is an R&D organization of more than 12,000 researchers (The Economist, 2000). To gain optimal revenue, many large pharmaceutical companies are becoming more focused on products in the research pipeline that are expected to become blockbusters or megabrands (revenue of more than US$1 billion per year). One reason for this is the substantial cost involved in new drug product development, which is underlined by the example reflected in the increased demands of documentation and extensive clinical trials. The tendency in industry is, therefore, to maintain high focus, to decrease time to market and to reduce bottlenecks in order to optimize the patent term of the product CREATIVITY IN NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT 145

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Creative evolution /

Cited by 945 publications

References 0 publications

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

Rethinking Knowledge: A Bergsonian Critique of the Notion of Tacit Knowledge^*

Creativity – A Volatile Key of Success? Creativity in New Drug Development

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Creative evolution /

Cited by 945 publications

References 0 publications

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

A reflection on biological thought: whatever happened to the organism?

Rethinking Knowledge: A Bergsonian Critique of the Notion of Tacit Knowledge*

Creativity – A Volatile Key of Success? Creativity in New Drug Development

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Product

Resources

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Rethinking Knowledge: A Bergsonian Critique of the Notion of Tacit Knowledge^*