Creative arts therapies for the mental health of emerging adults: A systematic review

The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult carers have been neglected. This study aimed to identify COVID-19 related risk factors for young adult carers and to investigate their mental health relative to non-carer peers. Of the 1823 Italians aged 18–29 who completed an online survey, 1458 reported no ill family member (non-carers). Young adult carers included 268 with an ill parent, and 97 with an ill non-parent family member. Two mental health outcome categories were measured: COVID-19-related (risky health behaviors, loneliness, home violence, fear of COVID-19) and general (anxiety, depression, wellbeing). Six COVID-19 related risk factors were significantly correlated with poorer mental health in young adult carers. These factors constituted a COVID-19 Context Index. Compared to non-carers, young adult carers reported poorer mental health across all outcomes, as expected. The prediction that young adult carers caring for an ill parent would report poorer mental health than those caring for ill non-parent family members was evident only for the COVID-19-related mental health outcomes. The elevated rates of clinically significant distress and pandemic-related mental health problems among young adult carers highlight this group as a priority for mental health promotion interventions and whole-of-family support across multiple sectors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Adult Carers during the Pandemic: The Effects of Parental Illness and Other Ill Family Members on COVID-19-Related and General Mental Health Outcomes

Landi

Pakenham

Grandi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…A direct comparison is difficult because there is no research result that applied group art activities based on logotherapy. But this research result backs up the outcome of the existing research (Smriti et al, 2022), which improved ego-identity by carrying out the group art activity program in various subjects. Besides, the ego-identity level given in the preliminary survey in this study was shown to be an average of 3.67 (5-point perfection).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Its effect could be identified to be continued even 3 weeks after the conclusion of the program. This seems that the promotion of ego-identity formation was influenced by the experience of emotional stability and support in the process of executing the program and by the offer of an opportunity to recognize and express own inner energy in the structured program (Smriti et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and effects of the logotherapy-based ego-identity improvement program with the application of group art activities in late school-aged children

Lim¹

2022

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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The purpose of this study was to develop the logotherapy-based ego-identity improvement program through group art activities and to examine its effects. This program used concept synthesis. This program was exploited in accordance with the consultation and psychological education program development stages. Out of seven local children’s centers in 3 Cities, 37 children in the experimental group and 33 children in the control group agreed to participate. The data collection and the program adaptation were conducted between April 1, 2019, and September 30, 2019. The effect of the program was evaluated by t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. The researches show that the ego-identity of the experimental group (F=23.42, p<.001), the meaning of life (F=27.82, p<.001), the academic stress (F=14.14, p<.001), the stress symptoms (F=15.52, p<.001) had a significant difference between the measurement period and the group interaction. Resultingly, the logotherapy-based ego-identity improvement program was indicated to be effective in improving academic stress and stress symptoms and for enhancing ego-identity formation and the meaning of life among late school-aged children. Therefore, it is expected that this program will be applied as an efficient program for the betterment of ego-identity among late school-aged children in the community.

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“…There is widely published data showing that in high-income countries emerging adulthood typically extends up to age 29, with parallel trends towards longer time in education and later entry into marriage and parenthood [ 11 ]. This revised extended developmental period for emerging adulthood is now widely used (e.g., see review, [ 31 ]). Finally, most studies on young adult carers have recruited from higher education student populations or from organisations that support formally identified young carers and young adult carers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caregiving Responsibilities and Mental Health Outcomes in Young Adult Carers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

Landi

Pakenham

Cattivelli

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study investigated caregiving responsibilities and associated mental health outcomes in young adult carers during the COVID-19 pandemic and had three aims: (1) to investigate differences in caregiving responsibilities across two groups of young adult carers (parental illness context vs. ill non-parent family member context) relative to non-carers, (2) to identify COVID-19/lockdown correlates of caregiving responsibilities, and (3) to examine the longitudinal associations between caregiving responsibilities and mental health outcomes. Of the 1048 Italians aged 18–29 (Mage = 24.48, SDage = 2.80; 74.33% female) who consented to complete online surveys at Time 1, 813 reported no ill family member (non-carers). Young adult carers included 162 with an ill parent and 73 with an ill non-parent family member. The study included 3 time points: 740 participants completed Time 2 assessment (Mage = 24.35, SDage = 2.81; 76.76% female), while 279 completed Time 3 assessment (Mage = 24.78, SDage = 2.72; 79.93% female). Key variables measured were 13 COVID-19/lockdown factors at Times 1 and 2, caregiving responsibilities at Time 2, and mental health outcomes at Time 3 (fear of COVID-19, anxiety, depression, wellbeing). Two COVID-19/lockdown factors were significantly correlated with higher caregiving responsibilities: insufficient home space, and greater time spent working and learning from home. As predicted, young adult carers reported higher caregiving responsibilities than non-carers, and this effect was greater in young adults caring for an ill parent compared to young adults caring for an ill non-parent family member. As expected, irrespective of family health status, caregiving responsibilities were longitudinally related to poorer mental health outcomes, operationalised as higher fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression, and lower wellbeing. Elevated young adult caregiving is an emerging significant public health issue that should be addressed through a multipronged approach that includes education about young adult carer needs for personnel across all relevant sectors and flexible care plans for ill family members that include a ’whole family’ biopsychosocial approach.

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Creative arts therapies for the mental health of emerging adults: A systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 76 publications

Young Adult Carers during the Pandemic: The Effects of Parental Illness and Other Ill Family Members on COVID-19-Related and General Mental Health Outcomes

Young Adult Carers during the Pandemic: The Effects of Parental Illness and Other Ill Family Members on COVID-19-Related and General Mental Health Outcomes

The development and effects of the logotherapy-based ego-identity improvement program with the application of group art activities in late school-aged children

Caregiving Responsibilities and Mental Health Outcomes in Young Adult Carers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

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