Creation and use of organoids in biomedical research and healthcare: the bioethical and metabioethical issues

Stoeklé, Henri‐Corto; Ivasilevitch, Achille; Marignac, Geneviève; Hervé, Christian

doi:10.1080/19336918.2021.1996749

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…There are courses to be followed, diplomas to be obtained, especially doctorates, and truly scientific and pedagogic experience to be acquired. 21 It is not possible to just become a bioethicist, any more than it is possible to just become an oncologist. By a “bioethicist” we mean a researcher in bioethics, not necessarily a theologist, philosopher or lawyer by training.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In North America, and elsewhere, bioethics has developed considerably as an academic discipline in many hospitals and universities. 21 In France, our hospital has just created its first department devoted to bioethics and composed of bioethicists, but this is far from being the case everywhere. 21 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 19 However, we tend to prefer the theory of the American biochemist and bioethicist Van Rensselaer Potter—“Global bioethics” 20 —with some evolutions, for conceptual reasons explained in detail in a previous study. 21 We consider bio‐ethical issues to be, first and foremost, tensions between moral values or standards and medical or scientific practices. 22 The identification and evaluation of these issues and possible solutions are based on the experience of practitioners, scientific knowledge, and actual and potential effects on the quality of life—or happiness—and survival of people and societies affected by the presence, absence, or quality of these practices, taking environmental concerns and cultural differences into account.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio‐ethical issues in oncology during the first wave of the COVID‐19 epidemic: A qualitative study in a French hospital

Stoeklé

Ladrat

Landrin³

et al. 2022

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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Background Using a specific bioethical theory (=global bioethics) and method (=a posteriori), we try here to identify and evaluate the bio‐ethical issues raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and possible solutions, to improve the management of cancer patients at the hospital in future pandemics, before the emergence of vaccines or scientifically validated treatments. Materials & Methods Our work is based primarily on the clinical experience of three oncologists from the oncology department of Foch Hospital in France, who were on the frontline during the first wave of the epidemic. We compared their perceptions with published findings, to complete or nuance their views. Results Three bio‐ethical issues were identified, and possible solutions to these problems were evaluated: (1) scientific evidence versus lack of time → the creation of emergency multidisciplinary team meetings (MTM); (2) healthcare equality versus lack of resources → the development of telemedicine; (3) individual liberties versus risk of contamination → role of cancer patients' associations, psychologists and bioethicists. Conclusion We consider the creation of an emergency MTM, in particular, in addition to a true ethics committee with real competence in bioethics, to be a first solution that would be easy to implement in hospitals in many countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bio‐ethical issues in oncology during the first wave of the COVID‐19 epidemic: A qualitative study in a French hospital

Stoeklé

Ladrat

Landrin³

et al. 2022

Evaluation Clinical Practice

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several theories in bioethics [7]. For various metabioethical reasons [7][8][9][10], we opted for a specific bioethical theory, adapted from the "global bioethics" (based on quality of life/survival) of the American bioethicist and biochemist Van Rensselaer Potter [11]. This theory contrasts strongly with the widely used theory of "principlism" (= autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice) of the American bioethicists and philosophers Tom Beauchamp and James Childress [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From a voluntary vaccination policy to mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients: an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics

et al. 2022

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Background At the start of 2021, oncologists lacked the necessary scientific knowledge to adapt their clinical practices optimally when faced with cancer patients refusing or reluctant to be vaccinated against COVID-19, despite the marked vulnerability of these patients to severe, and even fatal forms of this new viral infectious disease. Oncologists at Foch Hospital were confronted with this phenomenon, which was observed worldwide, in both the general population and the population of cancer patients. Methods Between April and November 2021, the Ethics and Oncology Departments of Foch Hospital decided to investigate this subject, through an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics. Our scientific objective was to try to identify and resolve the principal bio-ethical issues, with a view to improving clinical practices in oncology during future major pandemics of this kind, from a highly specific bio-ethical standpoint (= quality of life/survival). We used a mainly qualitative methodological approach based on questionnaires and interviews. Results In April 2021, 29 cancer patients refused or were reluctant to be vaccinated (5.6%; 29/522). Seventeen of these patients said that making vaccination mandatory would have helped them to accept vaccination. In October 2021, only 10 cancer patients continued to maintain their refusal (1.9%; 10/522). One of the main reasons for the decrease in refusals was probably the introduction of the “pass sanitaire” (health pass) in July 2021, which rendered vaccination indispensable for many activities. However, even this was not sufficient to convince these 10 cancer patients. Conclusion We identified a key bio-ethical issue, which we then tried to resolve: vaccination policy. We characterized a major tension between “the recommendation of anti-COVID-19 vaccination” (a new clinical practice) and “free will” (a moral value), and the duty to “protect each other” (a moral standard). Mandatory vaccination, at least in France, could resolve this tension, with positive effects on quality of life (i.e. happiness), or survival, in cancer patients initially refusing or reluctant to be vaccinated, but only if collective and individual scales are clearly distinguished.

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Organoids: development and applications in disease models, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine

Yao,

Cheng,

Pan

et al. 2024

MedComm

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Organoids are miniature, highly accurate representations of organs that capture the structure and unique functions of specific organs. Although the field of organoids has experienced exponential growth, driven by advances in artificial intelligence, gene editing, and bioinstrumentation, a comprehensive and accurate overview of organoid applications remains necessary. This review offers a detailed exploration of the historical origins and characteristics of various organoid types, their applications—including disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessments, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine—as well as the current challenges and future directions of organoid research. Organoids have proven instrumental in elucidating genetic cell fate in hereditary diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and malignancies, as well as in the study of processes such as embryonic development, molecular mechanisms, and host–microbe interactions. Furthermore, the integration of organoid technology with artificial intelligence and microfluidics has significantly advanced large‐scale, rapid, and cost‐effective drug toxicity and efficacy assessments, thereby propelling progress in precision medicine. Finally, with the advent of high‐performance materials, three‐dimensional printing technology, and gene editing, organoids are also gaining prominence in the field of regenerative medicine. Our insights and predictions aim to provide valuable guidance to current researchers and to support the continued advancement of this rapidly developing field.

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Creation and use of organoids in biomedical research and healthcare: the bioethical and metabioethical issues

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Bio‐ethical issues in oncology during the first wave of the COVID‐19 epidemic: A qualitative study in a French hospital

Bio‐ethical issues in oncology during the first wave of the COVID‐19 epidemic: A qualitative study in a French hospital

From a voluntary vaccination policy to mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 in cancer patients: an empirical and interdisciplinary study in bioethics

Organoids: development and applications in disease models, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine

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