“…The impact of returns is sometimes disregarded, or at least, not well understood in most firms. In others, returns are often considered just a necessary cost-of-doing business [34], like the pharmaceutical. During a drug product recall the company must rely on the distributors or wholesalers distribution information [11], in particular customer service, depot repair, endof-life manufacturing, IT management, recycling, refurbishing/ screening, replacement management, returns authorization, spare parts management, transportation, warehousing and warranty management [35].…”