Creating novel ornamentals via new strategies in the era of genome editing

Abstract

Ornamental breeding has traditionally focused on improving novelty, yield, quality, and resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. However, achieving these goals has often required laborious crossbreeding, while precise breeding techniques have been underutilized. Fortunately, recent advancements in plant genome sequencing and editing technology have opened up exciting new frontiers for revolutionizing ornamental breeding. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of ornamental transgenic breeding and propose four promising breeding strategies that have already proven successful in crop breeding and could be adapted for ornamental breeding with the help of genome editing. These strategies include recombination manipulation, haploid inducer creation, clonal seed production, and reverse breeding. We also discuss in detail the research progress, application status, and feasibility of each of these tactics.

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Chrysanthemum cv. 'Candid’: Assessing Genetic Variation and Breeding Potential

“…Particularly for flower color, mutation breeding is an effective method for producing heritable alteration. 10 Growing demand for a new type of chrysanthemum has spurred the development of new cultivars. Radiation-induced mutation breeding, an application of nuclear technology in agriculture, has been widely employed to improve well-adapted plant types by one or a few essential features.…”

“…In recent years, tissue culture-derived induced mutations and somaclonal variants have been used as novel sources of variation. − Although substantial work has been performed to produce novelties in chrysanthemum by the use of physical and chemical mutagens, there is always a need to investigate the possibility of a new variation for the floriculture trade. Radiation-induced mutation breeding has been widely employed to improve well-adapted plant types and to create new variants with enhanced agricultural traits . Since the majority of cultivated chrysanthemums are polyploids with significant genetic variability, mutants with allied flower color, form, floral size, and shape are frequently recovered .…”

“…Variation in genes is vital for crop development in every plant breeding operation. Particularly for flower color, mutation breeding is an effective method for producing heritable alteration . Growing demand for a new type of chrysanthemum has spurred the development of new cultivars.…”

Enhancing Flower Color Diversity in Chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through Ethyl Methane Sulfonate Mutagenesis: A Promising Approach for Ornamental Crop Improvement

“…One of the most widely produced flowers in the world for commercial purposes, the Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) is a member of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The ability to assess novel genetic composition and generate novel, superior cultivars in ornamental crops is mostly reliant on the wide range of genetic variation present in a population. − As a result, modern growers are continually on the lookout for new flower/chrysanthemum cultivars to offer to the market, as the demand and need for unique qualities are constant in the chrysanthemum industry. , Due to a high degree of heterozygosity and self-incompatibility, as well as parental ploidy differences, typical hybridization methods are not flexible in chrysanthemum. − Many ornamental crops have small and shrinking gene pools, making it difficult to produce acceptable recombinants. This necessitates tapping into other diversity reservoirs. , Plant cells are totipotent and can regenerate into calli, tissues, organs, and whole plants, making in vitro tissue culture an applicable and beneficial method for mutagenesis investigations to establish novel variations. − The resulting genetic diversity can be used immediately to create new varieties, which can speed up breeding processes .…”

“…This necessitates tapping into other diversity reservoirs. , Plant cells are totipotent and can regenerate into calli, tissues, organs, and whole plants, making in vitro tissue culture an applicable and beneficial method for mutagenesis investigations to establish novel variations. − The resulting genetic diversity can be used immediately to create new varieties, which can speed up breeding processes . Many desirable traits in ornamental plants can be enhanced through mutation breeding programmes . These include flower characteristics (color, size, phenotype, odor, longevity), leaf characteristics (shape, dimensions, pigment formation, chimaera), growth characteristics (dwarf or trailing), and physiological characteristics (flowering time, photoperiodic response, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses) .…”