Creating New Battery Configuration Associated with the Functions of Primary and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Chen, Hao; Cao, Zhenjiang; Gu, Jianan; Cui, Yanglansen; Zhang, Yongzheng; Zhao, Zehua; Cheng, Zongju; Zhao, Qi; Li, Bin; Yang, Shubin

doi:10.1002/aenm.202003746

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The C 1s spectrum (Figure a) from the fluorinated graphite CF 0.88 materials could be deconvoluted into two peaks at 285.5 and 290.3 eV, which are assigned to the characteristic binding energies of the C–C bond (graphite-like sp 2 carbon) and the C–F (sp 3 carbon) bond, respectively . Furthermore, in the F 1s spectrum (Figure b), the F 1s peak of semi-ionic C–F bonds and covalent C–F bonds are located at 689.0 and 689.2 eV, respectively. , The peak of covalent C–F bonds is weakened simultaneously in both C 1s and F 1s spectra after discharging to 1.5 V, and an excess strong signal peak at 686.3 eV is attributed to the formation of LiF, which indicates that LiF is generated by the reaction between CF and Li. The peaks of the C–C bond and the LiF bond are weakened after discharging to 0.5 V, indicating the formation of the Li 1+ x FC phase, whereas the peak of the LiF bond is strengthened again when charged to 4.5 V, depicting a reversible reformation of Li 1+ x FC via a conversion reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluorinated Carbons as Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Cathodes in the Voltage Window of 0.5–4.8 V

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Fluorinated carbon (CF x ) cathodes have the highest theoretical energy density among lithium primary batteries. However, it is still a huge challenge to be reversible. Here, CF x is proposed as a high-performance cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in the extended voltage window of 0.5–4.8 V. Specifically, the fluorinated graphite CF0.88 exhibits an initial specific discharge capacity of 1382 mAh g–1 (2362 Wh kg–1) and a specific discharge capacity of 782 mAh g–1 at the 2nd cycle and maintains a specific discharge capacity of 543 mAh g–1 (508 Wh kg–1) after the 20th cycle. This rechargeable behavior is associated with the conversion of CF x to LiF + C (>1.5 V) and then to Li1+x FC (0.5–1.5 V) during the initial discharge process; Li1+x FC is reversible to LiF + C in the following charge–discharge process (0.5–4.8 V). By extending the voltage window, CF x cathodes can show new electrochemical behaviors. Our research has provided new Li-free cathode materials for rechargeable batteries and insights for improving the performance of a Li/CF x secondary battery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluorinated Carbons as Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Cathodes in the Voltage Window of 0.5–4.8 V

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Lithium, fluorinated graphite, and sulfur electrodes are assembled into one cell, enabling rechargeable operation and compensating for the excessive consumable lithium metal. 72 Thereby, high gravimetric energy density of 507.7 Wh kg −1 was acquired by this configuration. Moreover, a new nonsolvated electrochemical pathway has also been made for the Li−CF x system with application of solid-state electrolyte.…”

Section: Cf X As Cathode Materials For Primary Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Not limited by materials and electrolytes, there are other innovations to maximize capacity of CF x in configuration design. Lithium, fluorinated graphite, and sulfur electrodes are assembled into one cell, enabling rechargeable operation and compensating for the excessive consumable lithium metal . Thereby, high gravimetric energy density of 507.7 Wh kg –1 was acquired by this configuration.…”

Section: Cf X As Cathode Materials For Primary Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorinated Carbon Materials and the Applications in Energy Storage Systems

Zhong

Zhou

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Fluorinated carbon materials (CF x ) have been widely used as cathode materials in primary batteries and simultaneously been applied to modify electrode materials in secondary rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the unique discharge product of LiF and carbon. In this review, we intend to offer a comprehensive connection between the CF x /Li primary battery and its effect for improving secondary battery via the link of LiF. The first part comes with the efforts on high-energy CF x /Li batteries with well-designed materials and electrolytes on the foundation of the unique discharge mechanism. Following with the discharge product (LiF), the second part is reasonably focused on modifying the electrode materials of LIBs with in situ or ex situ fluorination. Thanks to the link of primary battery and secondary battery, a perspective is made to illuminate a comprehension of CF x materials in future energy storage systems. This review offers an up-to-date retrospect of recent works on application of CF x and contributes to deeper understanding in energy storage systems.

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“…[ 2 ] Therefore, it is urgently called for next‐generation batteries with a high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety performance. [ 3,4 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Therefore, it is urgently called for next-generation batteries with a high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety performance. [3,4] Electrode material is of great importance in determining the energy density of batteries. [5] As the holy grail anode, Li metal possesses the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode).…”

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confidence: 99%

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Advanced energy storage technology represented by lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) has revolutionized human life in recent years. The energy density of LIBs based on intercalation chemistry is approaching its theoretical limit after unremitting efforts for the past three decades. The state-of-the-art LIBs with graphite anode can only achieve an energy density lower than 300 Wh kg −1 . [1] This cannot satisfy the increasing demands for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. [2] Therefore, it is urgently called for next-generation batteries with a high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety performance. [3,4] Electrode material is of great importance in determining the energy density of batteries. [5] As the holy grail anode, Li metal possesses the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). The promising feature renders Li metal anode to be an indispensable candidate for constructing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. [6] A high energy density of 400 or even 500 Wh kg −1 can be achieved with Li metal batteries (LMBs) matching Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn (1−x−y) O 2 (0 < x, y <1), oxygen, or sulfur cathodes, etc. [7][8][9] However, the conversion chemistry and high reactivity of Li metal also bring great challenges to the design of robust LMBs with long lifespan and high safety. [10,11] Specifically, Li dendrite growth and infinite volume variation lead to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal anodes, resulting in low Li utilization, capacity decline, and even safety risk, [12] severely hindering the practical applications of LMBs. [13][14][15] Recently, extensive strategies have been exploited to control the dendrite growth of Li metal anodes, including engineering electrolytes and additives, [16] designing 3D host structures, [17][18][19] constructing artificial SEI, [20,21] applying solid-state electrolyte (SSE), [22][23][24] and adjusting operation conditions. [25] A high Coulombic efficiency (>99.9%) and long lifespan (>1000 cycles) have been reported in the materials-level coin cells. [26][27][28] Notably, Li dendrite growth is primarily driven by the kinetical limitation of Li-ion diffusion near the electrolyte/electrode interface. Serious dendrite issues can be encountered under harsh operating conditions in pouch cells, considering the accelerated consumption of Li ions at large currents and high Lithium metal battery has been considered as one of the potential candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the dendrite growth issue in Li anodes results in low practical energy density, short lifespan, and poor safety performance. The strategies in suppressing Li dendrite growth are mostly conducted in materials-level coin cells, while their validity in device-level pouch cells is still under debate. It is imperative to address dendrite issues in pouch cells to realize the practical application of Li metal batteries. This review prese...

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Creating New Battery Configuration Associated with the Functions of Primary and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Fluorinated Carbons as Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Cathodes in the Voltage Window of 0.5–4.8 V

Fluorinated Carbons as Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery Cathodes in the Voltage Window of 0.5–4.8 V

Fluorinated Carbon Materials and the Applications in Energy Storage Systems

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

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