Creating fluorescent quantum defects in carbon nanotubes using hypochlorite and light

Lin, Chu-Chuan; Bachilo, Sergei M.; Zheng, Yu; Tsedev, Uyanga; Huang, Shengnan; Weisman, R. Bruce; Belcher, Angela M.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10917-3

Cited by 74 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For example, Lin et al created fluorescent quantum defects in SWCNTs using NaClO and UV irradiation. With injection of only about 100 ng of the prepared SWCNTs in mice, high contrast images displayed clearly vascular and lymphatic structures under 980 nm excitation [215]. Raman is also a commonly used imaging technique and CNTs have been reported in this application.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Liu

Speranza

2019

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Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Liu

Speranza

2019

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“…Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) comprise a key component of many new nanotechnology applications for sensing, biological imaging, electronics, and gene delivery, among others [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Noncovalent polymer adsorption is a widely used method to confer and optimize desired functionalities to SWNTs, while solubilizing them in aqueous environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding affinity and conformational preferences influence kinetic stability of short oligonucleotides on carbon nanotubes

Alizadehmojarad

Zhou²,

Beyene³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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DNA-wrapped single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have found a widespread use in a variety of nanotechnology applications. Yet, the relationship between structural conformation, binding affinity and kinetic stability of these polymers on SWNTs remains poorly understood. Here, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments to explore this relationship for short oligonucleotides adsorbed on SWNTs. First, using classical MD simulations of oligonucleotide-(9,4)-SWNT hybrid complexes, we explored the relationship between ssDNA and ssRNA surface conformation and sequence chemistry. We screened the conformation of 36 sequences of short ssDNA and ssRNA polymers on (9,4) SWNT, where the contour lengths were selected so the polymers can, to a first approximation, wrap once around the SWNT circumference. From these screens, we identified structural motifs that we broadly classified into "rings" and "non-rings." Then, several sequences were selected for detailed investigations. We used temperature replica exchange MD calculations to compute two-dimensional free energy landscapes characterizing the conformations of select sequences. "Ring" conformations seemed to be driven primarily by sequence chemistry. Specifically, strong (n,n+2) nucleotide interactions and the ability of the polymer to form compact structures, as for example, through sharp bends in the nucleotide backbone, correlated with ring-forming propensity. However, ring-formation probability was found to be uncorrelated with free energy of oligonucleotide binding to SWNTs (∆Gbind). Conformational analyses of oligonucleotides, computed free energy of binding of oligonucleotides to SWNTs, and experimentally determined kinetic stability measurements show that ∆Gbind is the primary correlate for kinetic stability. The probability of the sequence to adopt a compact, ring-like conformation is shown to play a secondary role that still contributes measurably to kinetic stability. For example, sequences that form stable compact rings (C-rich sequences) could compensate for their relatively lower ∆Gbind and exhibit kinetic stability, while sequences with strong ∆Gbind (such as (TG)3(GT)3) were found to be kinetically stable despite their low ring formation propensity. We conclude that the stability of adsorbed oligonucleotides is primarily driven by its free energy of binding and that if ring-like structural motifs form, they would contribute positively to stability.

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“…Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with engineered wrappings have recently been developed and utilized in various disparate fields ranging from additives that strengthen material composites [32,33] to biomedical applications including near-infrared (NIR) optical biosensing, [34][35][36] and biological imaging. [37,38] The electronic band gap energies of SWCNTs are dependent on their chiral identity, denoted by integers (n,m), and vary based on diameter and rollup angle, resulting in various semiconducting species which exhibit a distinct narrow-bandwidth photoluminescence in the second NIR window. [39] The SWCNT photoluminescence responds to their local environment, [40] resulting in shifts in emission wavelengths [40][41][42][43] and/or variations in intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wearable Optical Microfibrous Biomaterial with Encapsulated Nanosensors Enables Wireless Monitoring of Oxidative Stress

Safaee

Gravely

Roxbury

2020

Preprint

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In an effort to facilitate personalized medical approaches, the continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biochemical information using wearable technologies can enable a detailed understanding of an individual’s physiology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of oxygen-containing free radicals which function in a wide range of biological processes. In wound healing applications, the continuous monitoring of ROS through a wearable diagnostics platform is essential for the prevention of chronicity and pathogenic infection. Here, a versatile one-step procedure is utilized to fabricate optical core-shell microfibrous textiles incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for the real-time optical monitoring of hydrogen peroxide concentrations in wounds. The environmentally sensitive and non-photobleachable fluorescence of SWCNTs enables continuous analyte monitoring without a decay in signal over time. The existence of multiple chiralities of SWCNTs emitting near-infrared fluorescence with narrow bandwidths allows a ratiometric signal readout invariant to the excitation source distance and exposure time. The individual fibers encapsulate the SWCNT nanosensors for at least 21 days without apparent loss in structural integrity. Moreover, the microfibrous textiles can be utilized to spatially resolve peroxide concentrations on a wound surface using a camera and can be integrated into commercial wound bandages without being altered or losing their optical properties.

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Creating fluorescent quantum defects in carbon nanotubes using hypochlorite and light

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Binding affinity and conformational preferences influence kinetic stability of short oligonucleotides on carbon nanotubes

A Wearable Optical Microfibrous Biomaterial with Encapsulated Nanosensors Enables Wireless Monitoring of Oxidative Stress

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