“…Other studies support this association of front vowels (compared to back vowels) in brand names with the attributes small, light in weight, mild, thin, soft, more feminine, friendly, weak, light colored and pretty (Klink, 2000). More recently, research has linked vowel sound symbolism to brand personality perceptions (Klink and Athaide, 2012), operationalized in terms of Aaker's (1997) sincerity, sophistication, ruggedness, excitement and competence dimensions of brand personality. Brand names with front vowels (compared to back vowels) communicated sincerity and sophistication to a greater extent, whereas brand names with back vowels (compared to front vowels) increased perceptions of ruggedness.…”