Creating a safe operating space for wetlands in a changing climate

Green, Andy J.; Alcorlo, Paloma; Peeters, E.T.H.M.; Morris, Edward P.; Espinar, José L.; Bravo-Utrera, Miguel Ángel; Bustamante, Javier; Dı́az-Delgado, Ricardo; Koelmans, Albert A.; Mateo, Rafael; Mooij, Wolf M.; Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Miguel; Nes, Egbert H. van; Scheffer, Marten

doi:10.1002/fee.1459

Cited by 138 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Tank bromeliads have been increasingly used as model ecosystems to test many ecological hypotheses (Farjalla et al 2012, 2016, 2017, Marino et al 2017. Tank bromeliads have been increasingly used as model ecosystems to test many ecological hypotheses (Farjalla et al 2012, 2016, 2017, Marino et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning

Pires

Srivastava

Marino

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Climate change and biodiversity loss are expected to simultaneously affect ecosystems, however research on how each driver mediates the effect of the other has been limited in scope. The multiple stressor framework emphasizes non-additive effects, but biodiversity may also buffer the effects of climate change, and climate change may alter which mechanisms underlie biodiversity-function relationships. Here, we performed an experiment using tank bromeliad ecosystems to test the various ways that rainfall changes and litter diversity may jointly determine ecological processes. Litter diversity and rainfall changes interactively affected multiple functions, but how depends on the process measured. High litter diversity buffered the effects of altered rainfall on detritivore communities, evidence of insurance against impacts of climate change. Altered rainfall affected the mechanisms by which litter diversity influenced decomposition, reducing the importance of complementary attributes of species (complementarity effects), and resulting in an increasing dependence on the maintenance of specific species (dominance effects). Finally, altered rainfall conditions prevented litter diversity from fueling methanogenesis, because such changes in rainfall reduced microbial activity by 58%. Together, these results demonstrate that the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystems cannot be understood in isolation and interactions between these stressors can be multifaceted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning

Pires

Srivastava

Marino

et al. 2018

Ecology

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“…Furthermore, reductions in water level in dry years and due to human activities (Rodríguez‐Rodríguez et al., ) increase nutrient concentrations in the FP water column by three‐fold (Batanero et al., ). Ongoing climate change in Andalusia acts in synergy with nutrient loading and water extraction to further enhance their impacts (Espinar, Diaz‐Delgado, Bravo‐Utrera, & Vila, ), and reductions in nutrient loading are required to ensure that Mediterranean wetlands such as FP maintain their resilience to climate change (Green et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eutrophication can lead to excessive plant productivity, harmful algal blooms, proliferation of floating plants, anoxic events, and fish mortality, with major impacts on diversity and food web structure (Bauer & Hoye, ; Vizzini, Signa, & Mazzola, ). The impact of eutrophication is expected to increase in coming years due to the increase in human population, land use conversion, soil erosion, and fertilisation (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, ) and the consequences of climate change (Green et al., ; Hanjra & Qureshi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying nutrient inputs by gulls to a fluctuating lake, aided by movement ecology methods

et al. 2019

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Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is a global problem with major ecological and economic impacts. In many lakes and reservoirs, guanotrophication occurs when roosting waterbirds import nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from surrounding terrestrial habitats. To date, nutrient loading by waterbirds has been estimated based on censuses in the absence of detailed information on their movements. We quantified nutrient importation by the lesser black‐backed gull (Larus fuscus) to Fuente de Piedra (1,350 ha) in Andalusia (south‐west Spain), where an average of 36,288 individuals are counted in January. During seven winters from 2010 to 2017, we used movement data from 20 individual gulls tagged with Global Positioning System trackers that foraged in four landfills. Together with monthly bird counts and measurements of total N and P content in faeces and pellet samples, movement data were used to quantify the total external loading effect for different winters. Movement data allowed us to quantify the proportion of time spent in the lake and the time spent at different foraging sites and enabled correction of censuses. According to tracking data, on average 69% of the birds had already left the lake to head for feeding sites when waterbird counts were carried out. Nutrient inputs to the lake depend partly on the proportion of the day that gulls spend there, which was higher in late winters and was reduced when lake depth went below or above 20–35 cm. An estimated average of 10.17 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 2.07 kg P ha−1 year−1 were imported to this closed‐basin lake by gulls each winter, with highest values recorded in winter 2016–2017. Gull guano is the most important winter source of nutrients to the lake. Regurgitated pellets have been ignored as a source of nutrients in other guanotrophy studies, but we found them to be a more important source of P than faeces. A movement ecology approach complements traditional censuses and facilitates the study of guanotrophication in multiple ways, including identification of sources of nutrients, correction of censuses, and measuring time spent at roost sites.

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“…Changes in inundation patterns in time and space may be indicative of important shifts in the functioning of wetland ecosystems [4]. However, inundation dynamics in wetlands are often poorly understood due to their complexity [3], as spatial and temporal heterogeneity give rise to uncertainties in the extent, timing and duration of inundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wetland inundation is a key driver of ecosystem functions and associated services [1], and therefore has important implications for water and wetland policies and management [2][3][4]. Changes in inundation patterns in time and space may be indicative of important shifts in the functioning of wetland ecosystems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Quantification of Surface Water Inundation in Wetlands Using Optical Satellite Imagery

et al. 2017

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We present a fully automated and scalable algorithm for quantifying surface water inundation in wetlands. Requiring no external training data, our algorithm estimates sub-pixel water fraction (SWF) over large areas and long time periods using Landsat data. We tested our SWF algorithm over three wetland sites across North America, including the Prairie Pothole Region, the Delmarva Peninsula and the Everglades, representing a gradient of inundation and vegetation conditions. We estimated SWF at 30-m resolution with accuracies ranging from a normalized root-mean-square-error of 0.11 to 0.19 when compared with various high-resolution ground and airborne datasets. SWF estimates were more sensitive to subtle inundated features compared to previously published surface water datasets, accurately depicting water bodies, large heterogeneously inundated surfaces, narrow water courses and canopy-covered water features. Despite this enhanced sensitivity, several sources of errors affected SWF estimates, including emergent or floating vegetation and forest canopies, shadows from topographic features, urban structures and unmasked clouds. The automated algorithm described in this article allows for the production of high temporal resolution wetland inundation data products to support a broad range of applications.

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Creating a safe operating space for wetlands in a changing climate

Cited by 138 publications

References 33 publications

Interactive effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning

Interactive effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning

Quantifying nutrient inputs by gulls to a fluctuating lake, aided by movement ecology methods

Automated Quantification of Surface Water Inundation in Wetlands Using Optical Satellite Imagery

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