“…Empirical studies on reverse logistics include case studies (Goldsby & Closs, 2000;Flapper et al, 2005;Khoo, Bainbridge, Spedding, & Taplin, 2001;Scherpereel, van Koppen, & Heering, 2001), field surveys and interviews (Blumberg, 1999;Guide, 2000;Lund, 1984;Zhu & Sarkis, 2004). Apart from an empirical study on reverse logistics, Fleischmann et al (1997) indicated that quantitative models for reverse logistics have received growing attention.…”