Creatine Supplementation Associated or Not with Strength Training upon Emotional and Cognitive Measures in Older Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Abstract

PurposeTo assess the effects of creatine supplementation, associated or not with strength training, upon emotional and cognitive measures in older woman.MethodsThis is a 24-week, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The individuals were randomly allocated into one of the following groups (n=14 each): 1) placebo, 2) creatine supplementation, 3) placebo associated with strength training or 4) creatine supplementation associated with strength training. According to their allocation, the participants were given creatine (4 x 5 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d) or placebo (dextrose at the same dosage) and were strength trained or not. Cognitive function, assessed by a comprehensive battery of tests involving memory, selective attention, and inhibitory control, and emotional measures, assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale, were evaluated at baseline, after 12 and 24 weeks of the intervention. Muscle strength and food intake were evaluated at baseline and after 24 weeks.ResultsAfter the 24-week intervention, both training groups (ingesting creatine supplementation and placebo) had significant reductions on the Geriatric Depression Scale scores when compared with the non-trained placebo group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively) and the non-trained creatine group (p < 0.001 for both comparison). However, no significant differences were observed between the non-trained placebo and creatine (p = 0.60) groups, or between the trained placebo and creatine groups (p = 0.83). Both trained groups, irrespective of creatine supplementation, had better muscle strength performance than the non-trained groups. Neither strength training nor creatine supplementation altered any parameter of cognitive performance. Food intake remained unchanged.ConclusionCreatine supplementation did not promote any significant change in cognitive function and emotional parameters in apparently healthy older individuals. In addition, strength training per se improved emotional state and muscle strength, but not cognition, with no additive effects of creatine supplementation.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01164020

Creatine in Sport and Medicine

“…Podwójnie zaślepione, randomizowane, 24-tygodniowe badanie [35] oceniało wpływ suplementacji kreatyną na stan emocjonalny starszych kobiet. Grupy kobiet, które uprawiały sport uzyskały znaczną poprawę w porównaniu z kobietami biernymi fizycznie, ale między grupą przyjmującą kreatynę a zażywającą placebo nie wykazano znaczących różnic dotyczących poprawy stanu emocjonalnego [35].…”

“…Grupy kobiet, które uprawiały sport uzyskały znaczną poprawę w porównaniu z kobietami biernymi fizycznie, ale między grupą przyjmującą kreatynę a zażywającą placebo nie wykazano znaczących różnic dotyczących poprawy stanu emocjonalnego [35].…”

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“…Creatine (a-methyl-guanidinoacetic acid (Evangliou et al,2009) or N-aminoiminomethyl-Nmethylglycine (Alves et al,2013)) which was discovered in 1982 by chevereul (James et al,2002) is the most popular supplement used by athletes (Hoffman,2010;Gualano et al,2008;Ferrauti and Remmert,2010;Paula et al,2008;Rosene et al,2009;Cornelissen et al,2010;Webster et al,2012;Toylor et al,2011) especially following the summer olympic games in Barcelona-1992 (Rawson andClarkson,2000). Creatine (Cr) is an amino acid derivative produced by the liver, kidneys, and pancreas (Tortora and Derickson,2009;James et al,2002;Hoffman,2010;Andres et al,2014).…”

“…Approximately 50% of Cr body content is maintained by endogenous synthesis (Evangliou et al,2009), and acquired from diet (approximately 1-5 g/d (Alves et al,2013)) especially red meat, fish (Dickinson et al,2014;Evangliou et al,2009), milk products (Dickinson et al,2014), and eggs (Tortora and Derickson, 2009). Red meat and fish contain 4 to 10 g/kg of Cr (Harris et al,2002).…”

Treinamento de força diminui os sintomas depressivos e melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em idosas

“…No entanto, a literatura suporta ganhos em diversos aspectos cognitivos [37][38][39] . Desta forma, especula-se que a melhora de alguns aspectos cognitivos, como a memória e a função executiva, possam ter mediado a melhora da QVRS encontrada no presente estudo.…”