Creatine Kinase Is a Marker of Metabolic Syndrome in Qatari Women With and Without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To correlate features of metabolic syndrome with creatine kinase (CK) in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design: Comparative cross-sectional analysis.Methods: Demographic and metabolic data from Qatari women aged 18–40 years from the Qatar Biobank (97 diagnosed with PCOS, 563 controls). The primary outcome was the association between plasma CK and features of metabolic syndrome.Results: CK increased when the waist circumference was >80 cm (p < 0.015) and when associated with 2 or more features of the metabolic syndrome (p < 0.01). CK correlated with BMI (p < 0.003) but not with waist/hip ratio. Overall, CK did not differ between PCOS and controls, rising equally in both as body mass index (BMI) increased. C reactive protein (CRP) was higher in obese PCOS (P < 0.05) compared to controls, but did not correlate with CK (p > 0.05).Conclusion: CK was associated with an increase in BMI, waist circumference >80 cm and 2 or more features of the metabolic syndrome, in accord with the central role of type II skeletal muscle fibers in energy metabolism and obesity. CK was, however, independent of the PCOS phenotype.

Creatine kinase is associated with glycated haemoglobin in a nondiabetic population. The Tromsø study

“…Subclinical CK elevation is reported in diabetic subjects [ 22 ], and has been attributed to the presence of metabolic syndrome [ 9 ]. In a cohort of 92 diabetics, 19 (21%) had elevated CK-levels.…”

“…Of them were 7 suspected to have metabolic myopathy [ 22 ]. Thus, subjects with ≥2 metabolic syndrome features had higher CK than others, indicating a synergetic effect [ 9 ]. Moreover, the myocardial CK isotype (CK-MB) was increased in diabetic patients with additional metabolic syndrome [ 23 ] and was linearly related to HbA 1C (%) in type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 23 ].…”

“…The previously proposed relationship between CK and impaired glucose metabolism is confirmed and further developed in the present study by demonstrating a significant positive and independent association between CK and HbA 1C (%). Subclinical CK elevation is reported in diabetic subjects [22], and has been attributed to the presence of metabolic syndrome [9]. In a cohort of 92 diabetics, 19 (21%) had elevated CKlevels.…”

“…Muscular activity, especially long-term and intense exercise and eccentric muscular training, may increase CK markedly [6,7], while leisure physical exercise increases CK modestly; i.e., approximately 5% [8]. In addition to physiological elevation of CK, population studies have identified slightly increased CK as a possible cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor which include hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome [9][10][11][12], although the mechanisms are largely unexplained. Thus, exercise increases insulin sensitivity and thereby reduces cardiovascular risk [13].…”

Metabolic syndrome among adults in Qatar: A review of the literature across medical specialties

“…Al-Hail et al, studied creatine kinase (CK) and metabolic syndrome features among women with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome and found that CK, independent of the polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotype, is associated with an increase in BMI and waist circumference (>80 cm) and with two or more features of the metabolic syndrome. 30 …”