Creatine kinase and muscle soreness after repeated isometric exercise

Triffletti, Philip; Litchfield, Paul; Clarkson, Priscilla M.; Byrnes, William C.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198806000-00005

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Such damage can be separated from metabolic damage by die timecourse of enzyme loss from the muscle. Plasma CK and LDH are best suited to monitor a more or less chronic state of muscle damage (Triffletti et al, 1988). The delayed changes in CK noted in this study suggest that the EMS session induced a form of metabolic damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of electromyostimulation and strength training on muscle soreness, muscle damage and sympathetic activation

Moreau

Dubots

Boggio

et al. 1995

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Electromyostimulation (EMS) is known to develop muscular strength and hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to compare EMS exercise-induced damage with concentric (CONC) exercise-induced damage. Twelve male athletes were randomly assigned to concentric exercise (five sets of 6 voluntary contractions) or to EMS (30 contractions of 6 s duration, 20 s rest between contractions) on day 0 (D0). The load was 80% of the maximal isometric force. Criterion measures of plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and subjective ratings of muscle soreness and urinary catecholamines, were assessed 1 day before and for 3 days after exercise. Among the members of the EMS group, there were significant increases in catecholamine urinary excretion, especially adrenaline (on days D+2 and D+3), plasma CK activity (on day D+2) and plasma LDH activity (on days D+1 and D+2). The changes among the members of the CONC group were smaller and no significant difference was noted. Muscular soreness was greatest in the EMS group, with the peak occurring on day D+2. Comparisons of enzyme release, muscular soreness and urinary catecholamines suggest that EMS induces myofibre membrane damage and a significant increase in sympathetic nervous activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of electromyostimulation and strength training on muscle soreness, muscle damage and sympathetic activation

Moreau

Dubots

Boggio

et al. 1995

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…It is important to note that the voluntary isometric contractions performed in the present study were submaximal. The possibility that a protective effect was conferred by the NMES bout cannot be excluded because Triffletti et al (38) reported that 40 maximal voluntary isometric contractions induced a protective effect against the same exercise performed 3 wk later. Chen et al (4) reported that the magnitude of the protective effect conferred was dependent on the exercise intensity of the initial bout, and the higher the intensity, the greater the protective effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris for growth hormone response and muscle damage

Jubeau

Sartório

Marinone

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

127

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NA.Comparison between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris for growth hormone response and muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 104: 75-81, 2008. First published November 1, 2007 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2007.-This study aimed to compare voluntary and stimulated exercise for changes in muscle strength, growth hormone (GH), blood lactate, and markers of muscle damage. Nine healthy men had two leg press exercise bouts separated by 2 wk. In the first bout, the quadriceps muscles were stimulated by biphasic rectangular pulses (75 Hz, duration 400 s, on-off ratio 6.25-20 s) with current amplitude being consistently increased throughout 40 contractions at maximal tolerable level. In the second bout, 40 voluntary isometric contractions were performed at the same leg press force output as the first bout. Maximal voluntary isometric strength was measured before and after the bouts, and serum GH and blood lactate concentrations were measured before, during, and after exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Maximal voluntary strength decreased significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) after both bouts, but the magnitude of the decrease was significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) greater for the stimulated contractions (Ϫ22%) compared with the voluntary contractions (Ϫ9%). Increases in serum GH and lactate concentrations were significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) larger after the stimulation compared with the voluntary exercise. Increases in serum CK activity and muscle soreness were also significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) greater for the stimulation than voluntary exercise. It was concluded that a single bout of electrical stimulation exercise resulted in greater GH response and muscle damage than voluntary exercise. neuromuscular electrical stimulation; isometric strength; blood lactate; creatine kinase; muscle soreness IN RECENT YEARS, THE ACUTE effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on neuromuscular and metabolic responses have received attention (16,28,33,37,39). It has been reported in several studies that electrically evoked contractions result in greater strength loss and greater increases in oxygen consumption and blood lactate compared with voluntary contractions at the same intensity (16,28,33,37,39). It has been speculated that the specific recruitment pattern of motor units during NMES is mainly attributed to the phenomena (16,28,37,39). Indeed, it is documented that the recruitment of motor units during stimulated contractions is different from voluntary contraction such that fast-twitch fibers could be activated at relatively low force levels (i.e., random/nonselective motor unit recruitment) (10,17,20,30).It is known that acute voluntary resistance exercise increases growth hormone (GH) secretion (for review see 22); however, limited information is available for acute GH responses to NMES. To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have reported GH responses to NMES. Greisen et al. (11) showed a significant increa...

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“…Bickel et al, unpublished observations). In fact, isometric exercise has been shown to cause small increases in plasma CK levels and muscle soreness in some able-bodied subjects (Triffletti et al 1988). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term spinal cord injury increases susceptibility to isometric contraction-induced muscle injury

Bickel

Slade

Dudley

2004

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Complete spinal cord injury (SCI) results in inactivation and unloading of affected skeletal muscles. Unloading causes an increased susceptibility of muscle to contraction-induced injury. This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test the hypothesis that isometric contractions would evoke greater muscle damage to the quadriceps femoris muscle (mQF) of SCI subjects than that of able-bodied (AB) controls. MR images were taken of the mQF prior to, immediately post, and 3 days post electromyostimulation (EMS). EMS consisted of five sets of ten isometric contractions (2 s on/6 s off, 1 min between sets) followed by another three sets of ten isometric contractions (1 s on/1 s off, 30 s between sets). Average muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and the relative areas of stimulated and injured muscle were obtained from MR images by quantifying the number of pixels with an elevated T2 signal. SCI subjects had significantly greater relative area [90 (2)% versus 66 (4)%, P<0.05; mean (SE)] but a lesser absolute area [16 (3) cm(2) versus 44 (6) cm(2), P<0.05] of mQF stimulated than AB controls. During EMS, peak torque was reduced by 66% and 37% for SCI and control subjects, respectively. Three days post EMS, there was a greater relative area of stimulated mQF injured for the SCI subjects [25 (6)% versus 2 (1)%, P<0.05]. Peak torque remained decreased by 22% on day 3 in the SCI group only. These results indicate that affected muscle years after SCI is more susceptible to contraction-induced muscle damage, as determined by MRI, compared to AB controls. They also support the contention that electrically elicited isometric contractions are sufficient to cause muscle damage after a prolonged period of inactivity.

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Creatine kinase and muscle soreness after repeated isometric exercise

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of electromyostimulation and strength training on muscle soreness, muscle damage and sympathetic activation

Effects of electromyostimulation and strength training on muscle soreness, muscle damage and sympathetic activation

Comparison between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris for growth hormone response and muscle damage

Long-term spinal cord injury increases susceptibility to isometric contraction-induced muscle injury

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