Crazing in additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Conway, Kaitlynn M.; Pataky, Garrett J.

doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.02.020

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is the most common elastomeric semi-crystalline polymer used for FFF that is considered one of the large-scale materials due to the introduction of entry level printers for domestic users. The tensile strength obtained from commercial ABS filaments ranges from 26 MPa to 38 MPa [7,42,115,116,117,118,119]. The highest strength (38 MPa) is reported for a commercial variant of ABS (ABSplus) for flat build orientation [120].…”

Section: Fff Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Material and Process Specific Factors on the Strength of Printed Parts in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Review of Recent Developments

et al. 2019

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly evolving as the most comprehensive tool to manufacture products ranging from prototypes to various end-user applications. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used AM technique due to its ability to manufacture complex and relatively high strength parts from many low-cost materials. Generally, the high strength of the printed parts in FFF is attributed to the research in materials and respective process factors (process variables, physical setup, and ambient temperature). However, these factors have not been rigorously reviewed for analyzing their effects on the strength and ductility of different classes of materials. This review systematically elaborates the relationship between materials and the corresponding process factors. The main focus is on the strength and ductility. A hierarchical approach is used to analyze the materials, process parameters, and void control before identifying existing research gaps and future research directions.

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Section: Fff Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Material and Process Specific Factors on the Strength of Printed Parts in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Review of Recent Developments

et al. 2019

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“…FDM can be used to quickly generate proofs of concept for geometrically complex products [ 5 , 6 ], and it is a valuable tool for versatile manufacturing because of its ability to use a wide variety of filament materials [ 7 ]. Furthermore, FDM requires little postprocessing and has short processing times [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, it takes many hours to produce large parts via FDM printing, and it is possible for various defects to form during this process, which may degrade the final product or cause it to fail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Printing Quality Inspection Based on Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks

Yang

Huang

Lin

2023

Sensors

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a form of additive manufacturing where three-dimensional (3D) models are created by depositing melted thermoplastic polymer filaments in layers. Although FDM is a mature process, defects can occur during printing. Therefore, an image-based quality inspection method for 3D-printed objects of varying geometries was developed in this study. Transfer learning with pretrained models, which were used as feature extractors, was combined with ensemble learning, and the resulting model combinations were used to inspect the quality of FDM-printed objects. Model combinations with VGG16 and VGG19 had the highest accuracy in most situations. Furthermore, the classification accuracies of these model combinations were not significantly affected by differences in color. In summary, the combination of transfer learning with ensemble learning is an effective method for inspecting the quality of 3D-printed objects. It reduces time and material wastage and improves 3D printing quality.

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“…When the raster angle rises, the bonding between neighboring filaments (intra-layer bond) is further involved in carrying the load. It has been widely publicized that the inter-layer raster-to-raster (layer-to-layer) bonding, shrinkage of the rasters, and higher porosity in particular orientations influence the properties of the printed parts and generate anisotropy [22] - [24], [27] - [29], [33] - [38]. In general, the reported tensile properties of AM-FFF polymers are lower than those of conventionally produced polymers, mostly because of voids existing in the AM-FFF specimens [4].…”

Section: Introuctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance, Structure and Fractography of ABS Manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing

Stern¹,

Rosenthal²,

Richkov³

et al. 2022

AWET

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology for printing thermoplastic materials, among them the ABS. A significant problem of 3D-printed parts manufactured by AM-FFF is the anisotropy of their mechanical properties. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the impact of the build strategy of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of AM-FFF ABS components. This research aims, at least partly, to fill this gap by studying the structure and mechanical behavior by performing fracture surface analysis of AM-FFF ABS specimens under the three-point bend test. For this purpose, three build orientations (flat, on-edge and upright), each built at 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster angles and oblique printed samples (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) built at -45°/+45° raster angles were prepared. The results revealed that the build direction with the lowest density, the flexural modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and deflection was in the upright direction for both 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster orientations. Overall, two main failure modes were observed for the tested specimens: (1) inter-layer/inter-raster bond failure, which is the main contributor to failure of all upright samples and (2) intra-layer/trans-raster failure, which is the main contributor to failure of flat and on-edge specimens printed at -45°/+45° raster orientation. The results of the oblique printed samples demonstrate that a single crack initiation can transform into a few inter-laminar and intra-laminar fracture surfaces due to competing stress fields and structural gradients

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Crazing in additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of Material and Process Specific Factors on the Strength of Printed Parts in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Review of Recent Developments

Effect of Material and Process Specific Factors on the Strength of Printed Parts in Fused Filament Fabrication: A Review of Recent Developments

Three-Dimensional Printing Quality Inspection Based on Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks

Mechanical Performance, Structure and Fractography of ABS Manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing

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